Musci. 357 



41. Pogouatum. Calyptia copiously villous, the hairs attached to the apex and covering the 



cMpsule. Otherwise as the last. 



* * Capsule distinctly apophysate, 4-augled ; teeth 64. 



42. Polytrichum. Calyptra and rigid leaves as in Pogonatum. Capsule quadrangular-ovate 



or -oljlong, separated l)y a stomatose band from a discoid or subglobose apophysis. 



TiiiBE VII. BlIXBAUMI/E. Minute nearly acaulescent annuals or biennials, on the ground 

 or rottinc' wood. Calvptra conic or cylindric-canipanulate. Capsule large, strongly 

 cribbous-ventricose. Peristome double, the outer rudimentary or of one or more rows of 

 small more or less perfect teeth, the inner a 16- or 32-plicate membrane twisted into a cone. 



43. Buxbaumia. Capsule oblique, obliquely flattened above, long-pedicelled. Inner i.eristome 



o2-plicate. 



III. Capsule dehiscent by an operculum. Flowers all axillary, bud-like. Perennials. 



Tkibe VIII. FONTINALE^E. Floating, .slender. Leaves 3-ranked, smooth, with narrow 

 linear or rhombic areolation. Flowers di(jecious ; perichaitium elongated. Calyptra conic 

 or cucullate. Capsule immersed or exserted, erect, ovate to cylindrical ; operculum 

 conic ; annulus none. Peristome double, of IG linear teeth,in pairs, and as many alternate 

 cilia more or less united by cro.ssbars. 



44. Fontinalis. Leaves nerveless, ovate or ovate-lanceolate ; areolation linear-rhombic. Cap- 



sule sessile, immersed. Teeth coherent at the apex, hygroscopic ; the inner cilia form- 

 ing a more or less perfectly t(!ssellated cone. 



45. Dicheiyma. Leaves narrow, falcate, folded, costate : areolation rhombic. Capsule pedi- 



cellate. Teeth dehiscing, scarcely hygroscopic ; cilia united or free. 

 TiilBE VII I. HYPNE/E. Creeping on the ground, trees or rocks, the erect or ascending or 

 pendulous secondary stems branching irregularly, fasciculately, or pinnately. Leaves 

 several-ranked, mostly broad, usually more or le.ss imperfectly costate or bicostate ; areola- 

 tion various. Calyptra usually cucullate and naked. Peristome double, as in M,uum, 

 with or without ciliol* and the basal membrane often narrow, or the inner peristome rarely 

 wanting (in Fabronia). 



* Capsule symmetrical, mostly erect : areolation parenchymatous. 

 +- Stems irregularly or fasciculately branched : capsule long-pedicelled : leaves smooth and 

 shining (except in n. 49, 50), comydanate in n. 47. 



++ Areolation very loose : flowers monoecious. 



46. Fabronia. Minute. Leaves not complanate, ovate-lanceolate, filiform-acuminate, dentate 



or ciliate, obsoletely costate. Calyptra cucullate. Capsule erect, subspherical. Peri- 

 stome simple. 



47. Hookeria. Prostrate, succulent. Leaves complanate, ovate or rounded, nerveless or bi- 



costate. Calyptra conic-niitrifonn. Capsule cernuous or horizontal. Peristome double, 



without ciliohe. 



++ ++ Areolation narrow or linear: flowers dicecious. 

 4S. Pterogonium. Branches arcuate when dry. Leaves bicostate at base. Calyptra slightly 



hairy. Processes half as long as the teeth, on a broad membrane : ciliolse none. 

 4;». Pterigynaudrum. More or less pro.strate. Leaves rough-papillose on the back. Peri- 



tome-teeth remotely jointed, the processes imperfect and cilioloe none. 

 4+ +1. ++ Areolation minute and punctiform : leaves densely papillose both sides: flowers di(ecious. 



50. Anomodon. Stems ascending or erect. Leaves costate. Processes shorter than the teeth, 



without ciliohe. 



-1- -{- Stems pinnately or bipiunately branched : flowers dioecious. 



++ Capsule very shortly pedicellate: leaves smooth and shining; areolation uarrow or linear. 



Secondary stems erect, ascending, or pendulous. 



51. Neckera. Leaves complanate, scarious, ovate-lanceolate, scarcely costate. Processes as 



long as the teeth ; cilioliB none. _ 



52. Antitrichia. Leaves not complanate, ovate-acuminate, costate to the middle. Processes 



shorter, fugacious. 

 ++ ++ Capsule short- or long-pedicellate : leaves smooth or j.apillose ; areolation oval-rhombic or 



punctiform. 



53. Alsia. Branching stems often circiiiate when dry. Processes shorter than the teeth, with 



or without ciliohe. 

 * * Capsule uusymmetrical, long-pedicelled, more or less cernuous : ciliohx; present : areolation 

 mostly narrow or linear. 



54. Hypnum. Leaves mostly smooth and shining, rarely complanate, often .secun.l. 



