382 MUSCI. Ptychomitrium. 



to the middle of the capsule, incised at base and longitudinally plicate. Capsule 

 erect, long-pedicellate, regular, with aciculate operculum and broad compound 

 annulus. Peristome simple, of 16 long and narrow usually deeply cleft teeth. 

 About a dozeu widely scattered species are referred to this genus. 



1. P. Grardneri, Lesq. Stems branched, tufted : leaves dark green, crowded, 

 twisted or crisped, retlexed when moist, acutely carinate, the margin above sharply 

 serrate ; basal areolation linear : male flowers rarely axillary, usually 2 to 4 within 

 the perichsetium : capsule (frequently 2 or more together) narrowly elliptical, pale 

 brown, smooth, with long persistent reddish operculum : teeth mostly 3-cleft to the 

 base, dark red. — Mem. Calif. Acad. i. 16. 



Ou rocks in Dardanelles Canon, Forest Hill, Bolnndcr. Closely resembling P. 'puhjijliylluia, 

 Brueli & Scliiuip., of Euro])e. 



25. ORTHOTRICHUM, Hedw. 



Roundish-tufted perennials, on trees or rocks, erect or procumbent, never creeping, 

 dichotomously branched, with rootlets at base and at the axils of the branches. 

 Leaves crowded, ovate- to long-lanceolate, strict when dry, costate, entire, margins 

 usually revolute, dull and usually minutely papillose ; areolation at base looser, rec- 

 tangular and hyaline, above punctulate. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, terminal 

 and bud-like. Calyptra large, campanulate, lobed-mitriform, longitudinally plicate, 

 hairy or naked. Capsule immersed or more or less exserted, erect, symmetrical, 

 8 - 1 6-striate, ribbed when dry, more or less elongated, with distinct collum, a 

 mamillate or conic-rostrate operculum, and a very narrow annulus or none. Peri- 

 stome of 1 6 short pale teeth divided by a medial line and usually in pairs, with or 

 without an inner row of 8 or 16 alternate filiform cilia. 



A genus of 70 or more species, about half European, the rest belonging chiefly to the New 

 World. Nearly 30 species are North American, half of which are also European. 



The genus Ulota, Mohr, often included in Orf.hotricJtum, is distinguished by its flexuous 

 leaves crisped and twisted when dry, usually dilated at base with linear areolation, and the very 

 hairy calyptra with more numerous folds. No species have been detected in California, but the 

 following are fouml in Oregon and northward. 



U. PHYLLAXTHA, BHd. Densely tufted, 1 or 2 inches high, with long linear leaves, when dry- 

 twisted and circinate, the costa ])roduced into the apex antl there usually tliiekened and bearing 

 brown jointed cylindrical gemmae : fruit unknown. — OrthotriilKnii iihiilldiillm m, Ihueh ^: Seliini]>. 

 Bryol. Eur. t. 223; Wilson, Bryol. Brit. t. 46. Oregon (//(///) ; Vancouver Lslaud (Z/'ooc?) ; 

 Europe, Andes of South America, and antarctic regions. 



U. CRispuLA, Bruch. Leaves crowded, linear-lanceolate, crisped when dry : capsule short- 

 pedicelled, pale yellow, clavate-pyriform, narrowly 8-striate : calyptra conic-campanulate : teeth 

 short, reflexed when dry, with 8 or 16 short cilia. — Orthotrichum crispwm, Hedw. Muse. Frond, 

 ii. 96, t. 35 ; Bruch & Schinip. 1. c, t. 228 ; Wilson, 1. c, t. 45. Oregon {Nevius, Hall); Europe. 



* Peristome simple, the inner cilia tvanting or only rudimentary. 



1. O. cupulatum, Hoffm. Tufts more or less crowded, an inch high, red- or 

 brownish-green : leaves crowded, spreading or when dry strict, oblong-lanceolate, 

 with reflexed margins : calyptra campanulate, sparingly hairy : capsule obovate, 

 immersed on a short pedicel, thick, pale brown, 1 6-striate, with a pale yellow convex 

 straight-beaked operculum: peristome of 16 distinct i^ale yellow teeth, radiately 

 spreading when dry. — Bruch & Schimp. 1. c, t. 209 ; Wilson, 1. c, t. 21 ; Berkeley, 

 Brit. Moss. t. 20, fig. 4 ; Sulliv. Icon. Muse. Suppl. 61, t. 44 (var. minus). 



On limestone rocks near Russian lliver (Bolcmdcr) ; also from British America to the Atlantic 

 States and New Mexico, in several forms, and in Europe. 



2. O. Sturmii, Hoppe & Hornsch. Usually larger than the last, in broader 

 circular tufts : leaves spreading and recurved, tlie margins revolute, and the upper 



