556 LTST OF PERSONS WHO HAVE MADE 



Dr. AVrLLiAM Gambel, an ornithologist from Philadelphia, crossed the continent b}- way of 

 New Mexico and Arizona to California, returning in 1843. He made a collection of i^lants, soiie 

 of which were described by Nuttall in a paper entitled " Plantre Gambelianffi," in the Journal and 

 In the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 1848. Nearly a hun- 

 dred new species were described, of which a considerable part were collected in California south of 

 Point Conception. But many of the plants described in this memoir were collected by Nuttall 

 himself and not by Gambel. 



Capt. John C. Fremont traversed the continent in 1843 by way of Great Salt Lake and 

 Humboldt River, crossed the Sierra Nevada in midwinter, just south of Lake Tiihoe, and entered 

 California in February, 1844, descending the South Fork of the American Piver. Late in Man^h 

 he set out on his return, passed southward along the eastern edge of the great valley, recrossed 

 the Sierra Nevada at Tehachipi Valley and Fremont's Pass, thence to the Mohave and Virgin Rivers, 

 and eastward, taking with him the earliest collection that had been made in any portion of the 

 Sierra Nevada Range. In the report of this expedition (usually known as his second expedition), 

 l)r. Torrey described about thirty species and four new genera. On his next (or third) expedi- 

 tion of 1845 to 1847 he made mucli more extensive collections, but unfortunately many of the 

 specimens were lost by an accident in the mountains. The specimens saved amounted to about 

 six hundred numbers, and contained many new species, some of which were described by Dr. 

 Torrey in " Plants Fremontiame " in the " Smithsoi ian Contributions " for 1850. 



Theodor Hartweg, a German botanist, was sent to Mexico by the London Horticultural 

 Society in 1836. He collected in California in 1846 and 1847, making his headquarters at 'Mon- 

 terey, "but extending his excursions to the American and Yuba Rivers, the Sacramento as high 

 as Chico, and in other directions. Over four hundred species from California were distributed 

 to subscribers, enumerated by Bentham in his " Pluntie HartAvegianaj." 



Norman Bestoi; collected on Major W. H. Emory's expedition across the continent, joining 

 the party at Santa Fe, and reaching San Diego December 12, 1846. In the report of the expe.li- 

 tion Dr. Torrey enumerates one hundred and sixty species as especially worthy of mention, of 

 which number less than thirty are cited as having been collected in California. 



Rev. A. Fitch travelled extensively in California about 1846 to 1849, and sent several collec- 

 tions to Dr. Torrey, including some species of much interest. Most of the specimens were from 

 the southern half of the State. 



This closes the period of Spanish occupancy, and brings us to the second period, beginning with 

 the gi-eat immigration of 1849. Dr. C. C. Parry, connected with the Mexican Boundary Survey, 

 arrived at San Diego in July, 1849. The first collections made on two trips across to the Colo- 

 rado River were lost in the transit east. Between March, 1850, and March, 1851, be made 

 extensive collections, all of them south of Monterey. 



Prof. George Thurber, also connected with the Mexican Boundary Survey, reached the 

 State late in 1851 and botanized within our borders until July, 1852. A few specimens were 

 collected as far north as San Francisco, but the most of his collections were made in the southern 

 part of the State, between the coast and the Colorado River. Descriptions of some of Ins new 

 species were published bv Dr. Gray in " Plantie Thurberiana;." 



Dr. J. M. BiGELOw and Messrs. Arthur Schott and Charles Wright also collected plants 

 on this survey, but their collections were all made east of our borders. The two tormer 

 gentlemen, however, collected later in the State. The enumeration of the collections of all the 

 botanists connected with the survey was published together in the Report upon the Botany of the 

 Mexican Boundary. 



Dr. Albert Kellogg came to San Francisco in 1849, and still lives there. During this more 

 than thirty years he has collected along the coast from Alaska to San Diego. Some ot his speci- 

 mens are in the herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, and others are scattered m 

 various directions. He has described many new species, and no name is more intimately associated 

 with the botany of the State during this period. At a later date (1868 - 69), in connection with 

 W. G. W. Harford, he made extensive sets of Californian and Oregon plants for distribution. 



Dr. J. D. B. Stillman collected plants in 1849 near Sacramento, and in 1850 between 

 Marysville and Long Bar. The specimens are in tlie Torrey Herbarium. 



Dr. Henry Behr came to San Francisco in 1850, and has since lived there. He has collected 

 from time to time, particularly before 1860, some of his specimens going to local collections, some 

 to Hamburg, some to Russia, and elsewhere. 



Dr. George Gibbs was on this coast from 1848 until 1860. From 1849 to 1854 he was most 

 of the time in this State, where he made some collections, mostly near Columbia. Later, he 



