240 CULTURE OF FARM CROPS. 



soil the lighter the soil the greater the number. The 

 first stroke of the harrows is given in the direction of the 

 furrows, the harrows following the sower, who can put in 

 in level ground seed for 25 acres per day; in hilly, 20. 

 The second stroke of the harrows is either across the ridges 

 or obliquely to them. The amount of harrowing depends, 

 however, very much indeed upon the nature of the soil. 



38. Of the diseases of the barley and oat crop, little has 

 to be said here ; those afflicting them and the wheat crop 

 in common, having been fully treated of in a previous part 

 of this volume. Of these diseases, the barley is peculiarly 

 liable to the attacks of the fungoid disease called "smut" 

 or uredo segetum. To the attacks of the other diseases of 

 this class named in this volume on Wheat, barley seems 

 little liable. Of insects, the barley is liable to the attacks 

 of the wire worm, " elater obscurus." The oat crop is com- 

 paratively little liable to the fungoid diseases which attack 

 wheat ; the chief scourge being the wireworm and the grub. 



DIVISION SECOND. LEGUMINOUS CROPS. 



BEANS AND PEASE. 

 CHAPTER FIRST. BEANS. 



39. Of the crops which are grown primarily for their 

 seed or grain, and secondarily for their straw, having dis- 

 cussed those important ones yielding bread stuffs the 

 wheat, the barley, and the oats we are now prepared to 

 take up that class of this department of farm crops known 

 by the name of leguminous crops, and of which beans and 

 pease are the most important ; the name is derived from 

 the word lego, which signifies something gathered by the 

 hand. Of the two crops named above the most important 

 of the family we shall take up beans first. The bean be- 



