30 STATE BOARD OF HORTICULTURE. 



or mongrel, the various degrees of difference of the forms crossed, 

 the word hybrid is here used, conformably to the Century 

 Dictionary, as a generic term, to include all organisms arising 

 from a cross of two forms noticeably different, whether the 

 difference be great or slight. Adjectives are sometimes used to 

 indicate the grade of the forms crossed, such as racial hybrid, 

 bigeneric hybrid, etc. Where a hybrid of two species is crossed 

 with a third species a trispecific hybrid results. 



The offspring produced by the union of two plants identical 

 in kind, but separated in descent by at least several seed 

 generations, is often called a crossed, cross-fertilized, or cross- 

 bred plant, but it is not a hybrid, as the essential character of 

 a hybrid is that it results from the union of plants differing 

 more or less in kind; or, in other words, is the result of a union 

 between different races, varieties, species, genera, etc. On the 

 other hand, flowers impregnated with their own pollen, with 

 the pollen of another flower on the same plant, or even with 

 pollen from another plant derived from the same original 

 stock by cuttings, grafts, etc., are said to be self-fertilized, and 

 the offspring resulting from such unions are also termed self- 

 fertilized plants. With some plants, such as tobacco and 

 wheat, self-fertilization is the rule. In many cases, however, 

 the flowers are so constructed that cross-fertilization is 

 necessary, all possibility of self-pollination being precluded, as 

 in the case of hemp and other plants having the male and 

 female flowers on separate individuals. 



Purpose and Growth of Primal Types.* 



Nature, unaided by animate creatures, sets her aim and 

 degree of excellence around one central purpose. It is to pro- 

 duce a germ to perpetuate her products, a seed, and within 

 that seed a cluster of highly organized cells, that possess 

 within themselves an impulse, and a power, under favorable 

 conditions, to produce a type nearly identical with the parent. 



We cannot comprehend the structure of this tiny association 

 of cells, the delicate adjustment of its parts which give us the 

 variety 'of the orchard, the latent impulse that has been 

 imparted to this wonderful unit of growth. It is that enigma 



*By Wm. C. Fuller, of Colton, Cal. 



