110 



STATE BOARD OF HORTICULTURE. 



The ground should be cultivated close to the trees, which 

 can easily be effected by the use of a short whiffletree. Care 

 must be taken, however, not to damage or wound the trees, and 

 it is a wise precaution to wrap the end of the singletree with 

 cloth a barley sack or something similar to keep it from 

 barking the trees in case of contact. A careful driver and a 

 steady horse should do the work, and the danger of damage to 

 the trees will be reduced to a minimum. 



In regard to the implements to be used the orchardist must 

 exercise his best judgment and consider the nature of the soil to 

 be worked. There are a large number of good cultivators on the 

 market, some adapted to heavy, others to light, and others to 

 gravelly soil. The orchardist should ascertain those best suited 

 to the requirements of his particular work, and secure them. 



The subsoil plow, drawn by eight mules, in the Windermere orchards, La Mirada. 



SUBSOIL PLOW.* 



CAN THE NECESSITY FOR ITS USE BE AVOIDED. 



Citrus fruit growers have made a great advance in the science 

 and practice of orchard cultivation during the last decade. 

 How great, I do not think we appreciate until we carefully 

 review the cruder methods and more or less mistaken notions 



* Essay by J. H. Reed, of Riverside, read at the Highgrove and Pasadena 

 Farmers' Institute, January, 1900. 



