266 CULTURE O F T HE G K A P E. 



descend, and form oval cells in the earth. Passing through 

 their chrysalis state in a fortnight, they come out, take 

 wing, and lay their eggs for a second brood. The second 

 brood remain in cocoons in the ground through the win- 

 ter. Increasing more rapidly than the Procris Caterpillar, 

 they have consequently been very destructive in some 

 cases. 



Air-slacked lime is fatal to them, either dusted upon 

 thejfoliage, or upon the ground to receive those that fall. 

 Whale-oil soap, one pound to seven gallons of water, is 

 also effectual. 



Leaf-rollers. There are some kinds of caterpillar 

 that curl up the edge of leaves into rolls, thus securing to 

 themselves food and habitation by the same process. 

 They generally appear early in May, soon after the leaves 

 appear ; and mature, and pass through their chrysalis, in 

 the folds of the leaf. The only way to destroy them is 

 to pluck the leaves; and, as the vine is not subject to 

 this attack, the process will not be found tedious. 



Sun-scald. This is a mere development of mildew. 

 The vitality of the leaf being destroyed by the fungus 

 when the sun acts upon it, it becomes dry and crisp. The 

 reason why so many have mistaken this for a distinct dis- 

 ease is because its full effect is not seen until after active 



