70 SHEEP HUSBANDRY IN THE SOUTH. 



leads to exhaustion, unless organic matter is added to the sod in proportion 

 to the waste. The theoretical and practical considerations which should 

 govern in the application of this fertilizer to soils are discussed more fully 

 and, in my judgment, more ably by Johnston, in his Agricultural Chem- 

 ifiUy, tlian l)y any other writer. To him I take the liberty to refer you. 



Marl raised from pits, as it must necessarily be (except when denuded, 

 01 cut through, on the beds of streams, &c.) where it occurs only as aa 

 under-stratum in a flat country — where the pits, too, often require ma- 

 chinery, or much manual labor, to keep them free from water while work- 

 ing — must be an expensive manure. From its tendency to sink in th<j soi' 

 it is not so permanent a one as would naturally be expected. On reclainu'd 

 swamp lands — as, for example, on the rice lands — abounding in vegetable 

 matter, it will be found a most etticacious mnnure, and, lohcu needed, will 

 repay the necessary outlay ; but I fear it will be found otherwise ultimate- 

 ly, if not immediately, on the barren sands and exhausted granite soils of 

 the South. Applied with swamp mud, it would constitute a fertilizer 

 scarcely, perhaps, admitting of a superior, even on the latter soils. In 

 their single effects, however, I cannot but believe that the best swamp mud 

 — that which is black and fetid by the long continued accumulation of or- 

 ganic substances (and especially if charged' with shells, and the shields of 

 Infusoria) — would be worth more per load than the richest marl. The 

 mud, too, should be considerably cheaper than the marl, no deep excava- 

 tions being required to obtain it.* Digging and draught, and, in the case 

 of the mud, draught alone, would render both decidedly expensive ma- 

 nures, relatively to the value of the land after beiiig ameliorated by them, 

 even assuming that amelioration to be complete and permanent. On lands 

 immediately contiguous to conveniently reached depositions of mud or 

 marl, on a scale so limited that it could be carried on at spare intervale 

 without encroaching on the regular routine of plantation labor, it might 

 be good economy to haul out mud and marl, and thus gradually reclaim 

 small pieces of land.t It certainly would be better economy than to waste 

 those intervals in idleness. But in anything like an extended and speedy 

 system of reclamation — the fertilization of thirty, forty or fifty acres per 

 annum, instead of one, two or three — the means above adverted to are, in 

 my humble judgment, utterly out of the question. The labor would ab- 

 sorb all the labor of man and beast on the plantation ; and it is exceedingly 

 questionable, in my mind, whether the land, when fertilized, would sell for 

 the cost of the maimre. 



Hard would it be for many a South Carolinian or Virginian to turn his 

 back on the Lares and Penates of his T'ace — forgetting many a proud local 

 and ancestral association — but as a question of dollars and cents, some- 

 times a necessary one, and, at all events, usually the paramount one, 1 

 think it past a reasonable doubt that it would be better economy to de- 

 sert the worn-out or naturally barren soils of our South-eastern coast, and 

 jmrchase the virgin and fertile lands of the South-west (even including 

 the extra expense of building and fencing), than to attempt to reclaim the 

 former by means so expensive as those above indicated. 



What, then, is the resort ? Are there any means by which those land* 

 can be projitahhj reclaimed ? I answer, Yes ; and the resort is a mixei* 

 system of green and animal manuring — the latter made attainable by sheep 

 husbandry. Experience is the best test of all theories. And we have had 



* I am inciited to think, however, that this muri, if sprend rlirectly on the surfnce, would contnniinata 

 Ibe •tmoephere with uiihenlthy minsma, generating agues and bilici! disensea. If so, it wotild require inr 

 e«)tporation with the poil, by plowing. 



t It seems to me, however, that these expensive manures would be more urofitnhly iipplicd in /i:ri7>e^ 

 ly the fertility of the best lands, or as aaaittaJUi to other and cheaper means ol .-eclainiing the poor one« 



