Chap. VII] 



MUSCULAR TISSUE 



95 



Again, in some cases, the muscles are connected with the bones, 

 cartilages, and skin, without the intervention of tendons or 

 aponeuroses. 



Origin and insertion. — It is customary to speak of the attach- 

 ments of the opposite ends of muscles under the names of origin 

 and insertion, the first term origin being usually applied to the 

 more fixed attachment ; the second term insertion being applied to 

 the more movable attachment. The origin is, however, abso- 

 lutely fixed in only a very small number of muscles, such as those 

 of the face, which are attached by one end to the bone, and by 

 the other to the movable skin. In the greater number, the muscle 

 can act from either end. 



Names of muscles. — The skeletal muscles are usually called by 

 their Latin names, and it is helpful to understand the meaning of 

 these names, as they are often descriptive of some distinctive 

 characteristic, such as their form, size, attachment, location, 

 function, etc.^ 



The majority occur in pairs. Only a few are single, and they are 

 located about the median line. Muscles may be classified in sev- 

 eral ways. The most helpful way is to classify them according to 

 their location and function. It is not necessary for nurses to dis- 

 tinguish more than a few of the most prominent. 



CHIEF MUSCLES OF HEAD, FACE, TONGUE, AND NECK 

 Muscles of the Head — Occipito-frontalis. 



Muscles of the Face 



Muscles of the Tongue 



Muscles of the Neck 



Orbital Muscles 



Muscles of Mastication 



Muscles of Expression 



I Genioglossus. 

 I Styloglossus. 



f Platysma. 



I Sterno-cleido-mastoid. 



Four recti. 



Two oblique. 



Levator palpebrse su- 

 perioris. 



Masseter. 



Temporal. 



Internal pter3'goid. 



External pterj^goid. 

 r Orbicularis oris. 

 I Buccinator. 



1 The student will find the Latin derivations and their meaning in the Glossary 

 at the back of the book. 



