Chap. XIII] 



SUMMARY 



253 



Cause of 

 First Respi- 

 ration 



Respiratory 

 Rate 



Effect of 

 Respiration 

 upon the 

 Blood 



Capacity of 

 Lungs 



Movement of 

 Residual Air 

 maintained by 



Effect of 

 Respiration 

 upon the 

 Air outside 

 the Body 



Proper Ven- 

 tilation 



' 1. Increased amount of carbon dioxide due to cutting of 



the cord. 

 2. Reflex, due to stimulation of the sensory nerves of the 

 skin. 



IS times per minute. 

 Ratio to pulse 1 to 4. 



Influenced by 



Muscular exercise. 

 Emotion. 

 Heart-beat. 

 I Age. 



1. Loses carbon dioxide. 



_, „ . [ Oxyhaemoglobin. 



2. Gams oxvgen i „ , ^ , 



' I Scarlet color. 



3. Temperature is slightly reduced. 



r Tidal 

 A little more than 

 1 gallon of air ■ 

 (4500 c.c.) 



Complemen- 

 tary 

 Reserve 

 Residual 



► Vital capacity 3700 c.c. 



Abnormal 

 Types 



' 1. Alternate expansion and collapse of lungs. 



2. Convection currents. 



3. Pulsation of the arteries. 



4. Diffusion of gases. 



1 . Temperature increased. Expired air is as hot as blood. 



2. Moisture increased. Expired air is saturated with 



moisture. 



3. Oxygen decreased by 4.94 parts in a hundred. 



4. Carbon dioxide increased by 4.38 parts in a hundred. 



5. Organic matter gained. 



1. Composition of air as regards oxygen and carbon 



dioxide. 



2. Proper temperature. 



3. Degree of humidity. 



' Dyspnoea — difficult breathing. 

 Hyperpnoea — excessive breathing. 

 Apnoea — lack of breathing. 



1. Respirations increase in force ana 

 frequency, then gradually de- 

 crease and stop. Cycle re- 

 - Cheyne-Stokes \ peated. 



. Respirations increase in force and 

 frequency up to a certain point, 

 then stop. Cycle repeated. 

 (Edematous — air cells filled with fluid, hence moist, 



rattling sounds. 

 Asphyxia — oxygen starvation. 



