Chap. XVI] 



SUMMARY 



321 



Heat Value 

 of Food 



Average 

 Amount 

 of Food 

 required 



Ductless 

 Glands 



Thyroid 



Overeating < 



Heat results from processes of oxidation. 



f Unit of measurement for heat production. 



Small calorie = quantity of heat necessary 

 I to raise one gram of water one degree 

 Calorie •; centigrade. 



Large calorie = quantity of heat necessary 

 to raise one gram of water 1000 degrees 

 centigrade. 



Fat — 1 gram yields about 9.3 large calories. 

 Carbohydrates — • 1 gram yields about 4.1 large calories. 

 Protein — 1 gram yields about 4.1 large calories. 



r 1. Activity. 2. Age. 



Dependent < 3. Size. 4. Sex. 



upon [ 5. Climate. 



Average r Fats 1^ to | or about 930 calories, 

 number I Carbohydrates f to f or about 984 calories, 

 of calories [ Proteins ^ or about 410 calories. 

 Undernutrition — lessens natural powers of resistance to 

 disease. 



1. Puts unnecessary strain on the organs of 

 nutrition and excretion. 



2. Favors obesi'ty. 



3. Increases amount of waste products, 

 toxic material, and flatulence. 



, 4. Retards secretion of gastric juice. 



Glandular structures that possess no ducts. 



Produce internal secretions that are carried from the 



gland by the blood or lymph. 

 Function is imperfectly understood, because it is de- 

 pendent upon the internal secretions and these cannot 

 be obtained in a pure state. 

 The Thyroid. 

 The Parathyroids. 

 The Thjonus. 

 Most im- I The Adrenals. 

 portant ] The Hypophysis. 

 The Epiphysis. 

 The Carotid glands. 

 . The Coccygeal gland. 



Small gland. Weighs about one ounce. 

 Consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus. 

 Placed in front of trachea, below thyroid cartilage. 

 Function not definitely known, but the internal secretion 



is thought to be necessary for normal growth, and the 



functioning of all the tissues. 



