Chap, XVII] 



SUMMARY 



341 



Four coats 



Function 



Freely movable. Held in position by ligaments. 



Size, shape, and position depend upon age, sex, and whether 



bladder is full or empty. 

 Fundus — widest part. 



Cervix — where the bladder becomes contmuous with the 

 urethra. 



1. Mucous — lining. 

 Bladder j 2. Areolar — connects mucous and muscular. 



f Inner layer — longitudinal. 



3. Muscular Middle layer — circular. 

 [ Outer layer — longitudinal. 



4. Serous — partial covermg derived from peri- 

 toneum. 



r Serves as a reservoir for the reception of urine. 

 j When moderately distended, holds about one 

 [ pint. 



' Membranous canal, extends from the bladder to the meatus 



urinarius. li in. long and i in. in diameter in female. 

 Behind symphysis pubis, and embedded in the anterior 

 wall of vagina. 

 Urethra I f 1. Mucous — lining. 



2. Submucous — supports network of veins. 



3. Muscular | ^''''^^ ~ longitudinal. 

 I External — circular. 



Meatus urinarius — external orifice located between cU- 

 toris and vagina. 



Act of expelling urine from bladder. 

 Micturition I Occurs as result of irritation due to accumulation of urine 

 in bladder. 

 Involuntary act — can be controlled by voluntary effort. 

 Failure to void urine. 



' 1. DuUing of the senses. 

 Due to j 2- Nervous contraction of urethra. 



3. Some obstruction in urethra or neck of 

 bladder. 

 May be accompanied by overflow or constant voiding of 

 small amounts. 



Suppression — Failure of the kidneys to secrete urine. 



Transparency — depends on absence or presence of mucus 

 and pus. 



Color — depends on concentration. Relative amoimts of 

 water and solids. 



Reaction — usually acid. 



Specific gravity — average 1.020. Depends on concentra- 

 tion. 



Three 

 coats 



Retention 



Characters 

 of Urine 



