342 



ANATOMY FOR NURSES [Chap. XVII 



Characters 

 of Urine 



Average 40 to 50 ounces. 



Action of diuretics. 

 Nervousness. 



' Diabetes in- 



Quantity ■ 



Increased 

 by 



Decreased 

 by 



Urine 



Water, 

 95 per cent 



Solids, 

 5 per cent 



Organic, 

 about 3.7 



Inorganic, 

 about 1.3 



sipidus. 

 Certain disease i Diabetes mel- 



litus. 

 , Hysteria. 

 Ingestion of small amounts of 



water. 

 Vomiting, diarrhoea. 

 High fever. 

 Disease of kidneys. 

 Increased action of skiu. 



Urea (2 per cent of total solids). 



Uric acid. 



Creatinin. 



Hippuric acid. 



Other substances. 



Sodium chloride. 



Sulphates. 



Salts of 



Urea 



Phosphates. 



Potassium. 



Ammonium. 



Magnesimn. 



Calcium. 



Other substances. 



End product resulting from metabolism of proteins. 

 Average excreted in twenty-four hours — 1 ounce. 



Increased ( ^'^^ "^^^ ^^ proteins. 



1^ < Strenuous exercise. 



I Fever, and some diseases. 



T^ I ( Small amount of protein food. 



Decreased \ ^ . -x- r • x- 



< Excessive vomitmg, free perspiration. 



I Diseases that interfere with elimination. 



by 



Uric acid 



Creatinin 



Hippuric 

 Acid 



r End product resulting from oxidation of tissues. 



< Combines with potassium and sodium to form urates. 



I Failure to excrete results in gout. 



f May be taken into body in food. 



I Formed in body by oxidation of certain proteins. 



IMay be derived from oxidation of proteins. 

 Maj' result from putrefactive processes in the intestines. 

 Increased by a vegetable diet. 



