270 CIRCtTLATOilY APPAltATlrS. 



therefure [)rc6Ciit an oxixtc or baiTcl-.^liaped outline. Tlie riglit 

 ventricle ap|)cars c^•en more than is usually the case, to be a 

 mere appendage of the left. The long axis of the heart becomes 

 more horizontal, so that the base is turned to the riglit side, the 

 a])ex to the left. The apex is pushed beyond the mammary line, 

 as may be ascertained by the extension of the cardiac dulness hi 

 this direction and the dislocation of the apex -beat. 



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iv:--..7X, /" \ "•■■■■.t7--> 



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Hypertrophy of left yentricle. Heart m situ. a. Left mammary 

 line ; h. Y. cava superior ; c. Aorta ; d. Bulb of pulmonary 

 artery; c. Eight auricle; /. Eight A'cntricle; g. Left 

 auricle ; h. Left ventricle (normal size) ; o. Left ventricle 

 (hypertrophied). 



On the other hand, a one-sided hypertrophy of the 7nc/Jit 

 ventricle (fig. 84) occasions, not an elongation, but a widening 

 and thickening of the entire heart. Looked at in front, the 

 heart appears square, and as its long axis tends more and more 

 to become vertical, the cardiac dulness extends to the ridit, 

 presents itself over the lower part of the sternum; and stretches 

 across the right border of that bone. The heart's apex is no 

 longer formed by the left ventricle alone ; it is partly, or even 



