ARISTOTLE. 65 



animals. At its commencement we unfortunately 

 meet with a stumbling-block, in the shape of an as- 

 sertion, that the neck of the lion has no vertebrae, 

 but consists of a single bone. In speaking of limbs, 

 he takes occasion to describe the proboscis of the 

 elephant, and to enter generally into the history of 

 that gigantic quadruped. He then speaks with re- 

 ference to the distribution of hair, remarking, that 

 the hair of the human head is longer than that of 

 any other animal ; that some are covered all over 

 with long hair, as the bear ; others on the neck only, 

 as the lion ; and others only along the back of the 

 neck, as the horse and the bonasus. He describes 

 the buffalo and the camel ; of the latter of which 

 he mentions the two species, the Arabian and the 

 Bactrian. The subject of claws, hoofs, and horns, 

 is next discussed. He states that some quadrupeds 

 have many toes, as the lion ; while others have the 

 foot divided into two, as the sheep ; and others 

 again have a single toe or hoof, as the horse. His 

 aphorisms on the subject of horns are in general 

 correct. Thus, he states that most creatures fiu*- 

 nished with them have cloven hoofs, and that no 

 single-hoofed animal has two horns. 



He then proceeds to speak of teeth, which he says 

 are possessed by all viviparous quadrupeds. Some 

 have them in both jaws, others not ; for horned ani- 

 mals have teeth in the lower jaw only, the front ones 

 being wanting in the upper. Yet all animals which 

 have no teeth above are not horned ; the camel, for 

 example. Some have projecting teeth, as the boar ; 

 others not. In some they are jagged, as in the lion, 

 panther, and dog ; in others even, as in the horse 

 and cow. No animal has horns and protruded 



