IN CHURCH HISTORY. 123 



and other clergy condemned them as favoring 

 Romanism, and the leaders of the Tractarian 

 movement were expelled from their positions in 

 the University. In the midst of the excitement, 

 Dr. Newman and some others, clerical and 

 lay, left the Church of England and entered the 

 Church of Rome. It was a time of great sadness, 

 and almost of terror. But with the passage of 

 years there has come the calmness necessary to 

 examine the views of both sides in the controversv, 

 and the result has been not the unsettling of the 

 English Church from her position as protesting 

 against all superstitions and errors, but a more 

 careful attention to the principles which connect 

 her with the apostolic ages. A controversy, which 

 at one time was so bitter and so alarming, has led 

 to the increase of zeal and devotion, and to the 

 strengthening of the position of the Church of Eng- 

 land as a pure branch of the Church of Christ. 



Partly growing up from the Tractarian move- 

 ment, and partly starting forth as a new thing, 

 is what is popularly called the Ritualistic move- 

 ment of to-day. It is difficult to define it in 

 few words, for it relates both to modes of 

 worship and to points of belief, and it is some- 

 times difficult to separate what is objectionable 

 from what is allowable. There has been a growing 

 desire on the part of very many to improve the 

 character of the services of the Church, and to lend 



