174 THE DISCOVERY OF AUSTRALIA 



it, and singing the " Lignum," with the people in procession, 

 we arrived at the door of the Church. There, on a pedestal 

 which had been placed for the purpose, the Captain planted 

 our cross, and ordered that the people should come round, 

 and that the secretary should read, as in a loud voice 

 he did read, the following documents : 



Quiros called the heavens and the earth, and the sea 

 with all its inhabitants, and those who were present, 

 to witness that in these parts, which up to the present 

 time had been unknown, he raised and planted in the 

 name of Jesus Christ, son of the Eternal Father, and 

 of the Holy Virgin Mary, true God and Man, this sign 

 of the Holy Cross, on which His most holy body was cruci- 

 fied, and on which He gave His life as a ransom for the 

 whole human race. Then in the name of the Catholic 

 Church, in the name of " My Father, St. Francis " and 

 his Order, in the name of John of God and his Order, and 

 in the name of the Knights of the Holy Ghost, the 

 discoverers, settlers, defenders and preservers, he took 

 possession of " all the islands and lands that he had newly 

 discovered, and desired to discover as far as the South 

 Pole." ;I I take possession of this Bay, named the Bay 

 of St. Philip and St. James, and of its Port named Santa 

 Cruz, and of the site on which is to be founded the city 

 of New Jerusalem, and of all the lands which I sighted, 

 and am going to sight, and of all this region of the South as 

 Austrialiadel far as the Pole, which from this timeshall be called Austrialia 

 Santo tU ^ Espiritu Santo, 1 with all its dependencies and belongings." 



1 . Quiros, vol. i. p. 251. 



The Spanish phrase for the Southern Land was " la tierra Austral," 

 or " la parte Austral incognita." The name .that would naturally 

 come from this phrase is Australia. Quiros would have this name in 

 mind for the same obvious reason that put it into Flinders' mind two 

 hundred years later. Compared to Terra Australis, wrote Flinders, 

 Australia is " more agreeable to the ear, and an assimilation to the 

 names of the other great portions of the earth " (Flinders' Voyage, 

 Introduction, p. iii). But, of the two original manuscripts, the more 

 trustworthy reads not Australia but Austrialia. In the second manu- 

 script the word, says Zaragossa (vol. i. p. 316) has been " wrongly 

 emended " to Australia ; wrongly, because Quiros, in the Memorial 

 which he addressed to the King of Spain in 1607, says that he named 

 the land Austrialia " in happy memory of Your Majesty, whose dynastic 



