466 THE DISCOVERY OF AUSTRALIA 



him as an object of curiosity, to observe the workings 

 of an untutored mind." l Lord Sandwich introduced 

 him to the King, and the workings of the untutored mind 

 led him to exclaim, " How do, King Tosh ? " 



Tonga In September Cook sailed West, discovered the Harvey 



Islands, and rediscovered the islands of Amsterdam and 

 Middleburg, which Tasman had discovered one hundred 

 and thirty years before. Cook called them the " Friendly 



New Zealand Islands." In November he was again in Queen Char- 



Nov~ii. lotte's Sound, but the Adventure did not arrive, and her 

 story henceforth is apart from that of the Resolution. 

 Cook renewed his study of the Maori character, which 

 greatly interested him. The Maoris brought a broiled 

 head aboard, and ate it in the presence of the Englishmen. 

 Cook was horrified, but " curiosity got the better of indigna- 

 tion," and he ordered a piece of flesh to be broiled. His 

 estimate of the Maori character shows how science was 

 teaching men to understand rather than to condemn. 



Maori He sees clearly that the Maoris, in spite of ancient and 



unpleasing habits, had reached " some state of civilisation." 

 " Few," he writes, " consider what a savage man is in 

 his natural state. . . . The New Zealanders are certainly 

 in some state of civilisation ; their behaviour to us was 

 manly and mild ; they have some arts ; are less addicted 

 to theft than other islanders ; are honest among them- 

 selves ; their cannibalism is an ancient custom ; they eat 

 their enemies as their enemies would eat them." They 

 are, in short, not wicked heathen, but old-fashioned and 

 slow-learning Tories. 



The Southern ' In November Cook buried a bottle containing information 



under ice. S f r Furneaux, and sailed to make thorough exploration 



of the huge region of the South-East Pacific, where, if 



anywhere, the unknown continent must exist. He plunged 



South-East, and touched the Arctic circle ; then back 



North, till he approached his earlier tracks ; then South 



once more to a point even further South than those reached 



before. The cold became so intense that it could hardly 



be endured. The ice-barrier seemed impassable. Cook 



1 Smith's Banks, p. 42. 



