CHRONIC BRONCHITIS. 119 



until he is thoroughly tried by pulling a load or galloped up a hill. 

 The test should be a severe one. 'Horses suffering with pleurisy, 

 pleurodynia, or rheumatism, and other affections accompanied with 

 much pain, will grunt when moved, or when the pain is aggravated, 

 but grunting under these circumstances does not justify the term of 

 " grunter " being applied to the horse, as the grunting ceases when 

 the animal recovers from the disease that causes the pain. 



High blowing. This term is applied to a noisy breathing made by 

 some horses. It is distinctly a nasal sound, and must not be con- 

 founded with " roaring." The sound is produced by the action of the 

 nostrils. It is a habit and not an unsoundness. Contrary to roaring, 

 when the animal is put to severe exertion the sound ceases. An ani- 

 mal that emits this sound is called a " high-blower." Some horses 

 have, naturally, very narrow nasal openings, and they may emit 

 sounds louder than usual in their breathing when exercised. 



Whistling is only one of the variations of the sound emitted by a 

 horse called a " roarer," and therefore needs no further notice, except 

 to remind the reader that a whistling sound may be produced during 

 an attack of severe sore throat or inflammation of the larynx, which 

 passes away with the disease that causes it. 



CHRONIC BRONCHITIS. 



This may be due to the same causes as acute bronchitis or it may 

 follow the latter disease. An attack of the chronic form is liable to 

 be converted into acute bronchitis by a very slight cause. This 

 chronic affection in most instances is associated with thickening of 

 the walls of the tubes. Its course is slower, it is less severe, and is not 

 accompanied with as much fever as the acute form. If the animal is 

 exerted, the breathing becomes quickened and he soon shows signs of 

 exhaustion. In many instances the animal keeps up strength and 

 appearances moderately well, but in other cases the appetite is lost, 

 flesh gradually disappears, and he becomes emaciated and debilitated. 

 It is accompanied by a persistent cough, which in some cases is husky, 

 smothered, or muffled, while in other cases it is hard and clear. A 

 whitish matter is discharged from the nose, which may be curdled in 

 some instances. If the ear is placed against the chest behind the 

 shoulder blade, the rattle of the air passing through the mucus can be 

 heard within. 



Treatment. Rest is necessary, as even under the most favorable 

 circumstances a cure is difficult to effect. The animal can not stand 

 exertion and should not be compelled to undergo it. The animal 

 should have much the same general care and medical treatment pre- 

 scribed for the acute form. Arsenious acid in tonic doses (3 to 7 

 grains) three times daily may be given. As arsenic is irritant, it must 

 be mixed with a considerable bulk of moist feed and never given 



