504 DISEASES OF THE HORSE. 



pirations increase in number, what little appetite remained is lost, the 

 temperature increases from 1 to 2, the pulse becomes more rapid, 

 and at times, for a short period, more tense and full, but the previous 

 poisoning of the specific disease has so weakened the tissues that it 

 never becomes the characteristic full, tense pulse of a simple pneu- 

 monia. 



On percussion of the chest dullness is found over the inflamed 

 areas ; on auscultation at the base of the neck over the trachea a tubu- 

 lar murmur is heard. The crepitant rales and tubular murmurs of 

 pneumonia are heard on the sides of the chest if the pneumonia is 

 peripheral, but in pneumonia complicating influenza the inflamed 

 portions are frequently disseminated in islands of variable size and 

 are sometimes deep seated, in which case the characteristic auscultory 

 symptoms are sometimes wanting. From this time on the symptoms 

 of the animal are those of an ordinary grave pneumonia, rendered 

 more severe by occurring in a debilitated animal. The cough is at 

 first hacky and aborted; later, more full and moist. There is dis- 

 charge from the nostrils, which may be mucopurulent, purulent, or 

 hemorrhagic. As in simple pneumonia, in the outset this discharge 

 may be "rusty," due to capillary hemorrhages. We find that the 

 blood is thoroughly mixed with the matter, staining it evenly, instead 

 of being mixed with it in the form of clots. At the commencement of 

 the complication the animal may be subject to chills, which may again 

 occur in the course of the disease, in which case, if severe, an unfa- 

 vorable termination by gangrene may be looked for. If gangrene 

 occurs it is shown by preliminary chills, a rapid elevation of tempera- 

 ture, a tumultuous heart, a flaky discharge from the nostrils, and a 

 fetid breath; the symptoms are identical with those which occur in 

 gangrene complicating other diseases. 



Complication of the brain. At any time during the course of the 

 disease congestion of the brain may occur; at an early period if the 

 fever has been intense from the outset, but in ordinary cases more 

 frequently after three or four days. The animal, which has been 

 stupid and immobile, becomes suddenly restless, walks forward in the 

 fctall until it fastens its head in the corner. If in a box stall and it be- 

 comes displaced from its position, it follows the wall with the nose 

 and eyes, rubbing it along until it reaches the corner and again fastens 

 itself. It may become more violent, and rear and plunge. If dis- 

 turbed by the entrance of the attendant or any loud noise or bright 

 light, it will stamp with its fore feet and strike with its hind feet, but 

 is not definite in fixing the object which it is resisting, which is a 

 diagnostic point between meningitis and rabies and which renders 

 the animal with the former disease less dangerous to handle. If fas- 

 tened by a rope to a stake or post, the animal will wander in a circle 



