BUDDING 



185 



chisel. From the other plant two scions, a few inches 

 long, each bearing a bud or two, are cut at the base to a 

 wedge shape. These scions are now inserted in the cleft, 

 one at each side, in such a manner as to bring the cambium 

 layer of each in contact with that of the stock. To insure 

 this contact it is best to spread the scions slightly. Graft- 

 ing wax is then worked over all the cut surface. This 

 wax prevents the evaporation of moisture from the growing 

 cells and also helps to hold the 

 scions in place. 



b. Tongue grafting or whip 

 grafting is a more difficult opera- 

 tion. A scion and a stock must 

 each be about as thick as a pencil, 

 and from two to four inches long. 

 A slanting cut is made at one 

 end of each. This cut end is 

 then split down a short distance 

 with a knife. The two split 

 ends are now fitted into each 

 other in such a way as to cause 

 their cambiums to meet at the 

 surface. The scion and stock 

 are usually held in place by a 

 waxed cord. 



Apple trees are started in this manner. The seedlings 

 at the end of the first season are dug up, and their roots 

 are cut into pieces for stocks. A section of a one-year-old 

 twig from a tree of the desired variety furnishes the scion. 

 They are then buried in sand and placed in a cool cellar 

 until spring. The plant that grows from this union will 

 resemble the scion plant. 



133. Budding is a form of grafting. A T-shaped cut is 

 made in the stock, and a bud from a desired variety is 



TONGUE GRAFTING. 



