188 MORE ABOUT STARTING NEW PLANTS 



structure of the pear stem. 18. Discuss the structure and function of 

 the cambium. 19. Compare the structure of a corn stem with that 

 of a pear stem. 20. Describe a root hair. 21. Give the function 

 of a leaf. 22. What are cuttings? 23. What plants are propa- 

 gated by cuttings? 24. Name three different kinds of cuttings. 

 25. For what purpose are certain stems modified ? 26. Define root- 

 stock, tuber, corm, bulb, sucker, and stolon. 27. Explain the art of 

 cleft grafting. 28. Distinguish between a scion and a stock. 29. Ex- 

 plain how certain plants are budded. 30. Discuss the effect of the 

 stock on the scion. 



HOME EXERCISES 



1. See how many grafts you can get to grow in your home orchard. 

 As soon as you see that you are successful, you should make an effort 

 to improve some plant by grafting. 



2. Test your father's clover, alfalfa, and grass seed according to 

 the method suggested on page 225. Report in school the per cent of 

 germination for each kind. 



3. After some one has shown you how to start cuttings, propagate 

 several at home and report. 



4. How much seed per acre does your father use for his different 

 crops ? 



5. Start a fruit tree from the seed according to directions given in 

 the text. 



SUGGESTIONS 



1. Demonstrate the propagation of a rose cutting. A school gar- 

 den is convenient for this purpose. 



2. The mechanical side of budding and grafting should be demon- 

 strated by the teacher on material brought to the classroom. Each 

 pupil should then be given some practice and be required to insert a 

 bud and make a graft. The details of all the points should be ex- 

 plained from this material. After a little skill has been acquired 

 thus, real work should be attempted on the outside or at home. The 

 pupils should be graded on the number of successful operations per- 

 formed. 



3. Beans and corn should be soaked for a few hours, and their 

 parts then dissected, drawn, and labeled. 



4. Procure some small seed like alfalfa and clover. Determine the per 

 cent of germination. If no balance is available, give each pupil a 



