MANAGEMENT OF AN ORCHARD 



307 



(3) They prevent winter and spring erosion. 



Spraying for the San Jose Scale, where this pest is 

 present and unchecked by parasites, and for the codling 

 moth, rots, and scabs is essential for the best yields of 

 prime fruit. The preparation and use of sprays will 

 be fully discussed in 

 Chapter XXVI. 



The harvesting and 

 marketing of the fruit 

 is very simple if it is 

 sold locally ; but when 

 the more exacting tastes 

 of distant markets are 

 to be catered to, the 

 problems multiply. 

 Prime fruit must be 

 picked carefully by 

 hand, not shaken from 

 the tree, or pulled or 

 bruised in any way. 

 When fruit is exposed 

 for sale, it brings the 

 best price if it appears 

 neat, sound, attractively 

 graded and packed. 



Apples are packed 

 either in boxes or barrels. 

 Congress has not fixed a standard size for the packing box 

 as it has for the packing barrel. The usual inside dimen- 

 sions of the box, however, are 10 x 11 x 20 inches. As the 

 apples are being packed they should be well shaken in order 

 to give them a permanent place and to prevent bruising 

 when handled in shipment. The upper layer is arranged 

 by hand to form a level surface under the head of the barrel 



GOOD AND BAD PRUNING. 



