DAIRY TYPES 



371 



found in Indiana and Illinois, and the breed is not un- 

 common in other sections. It has marked ability to with- 

 stand the rigors of western winters. 



272. Dairy Types. In outline the dairy cow forms, 

 more or less clearly, three separate wedges. If we look 

 at her from one side, we can see that her upper and under 

 body lines would come together if produced in front of 

 the head. This is the 

 first wedge. Looked at 

 from the top and rear 

 her body becomes wider 

 from the chest to the 

 hips. This is the second 

 wedge. Viewed from 

 the top and front she 

 gradually widens from 

 the withers (the junc- 

 ture of the neck and 

 back) backward over 



the abdomen. This is 



. .. RAISING A HOLSTEIN CALF. 



the third wedge. In 



general, while the members of the beef breeds show grace- 

 ful curves in their bodily outlines, those of the dairy 

 breeds show angles and broken lines. All the other 

 organs of the body seem to radiate from, and to exist for, 

 the udder and the allied structures. 



The head of a dairy animal should be lean, with large 

 nostrils, and with a little dish to a broad,' intelligent 

 face. The eyes should be calm, clear, and bright. The 

 neck, in the female, should be long and thin. In the 

 male, there should be a heavily muscled chest, well filled 

 out, showing constitution and vigor. The front legs 

 should be straight ; the ribs, well arched ; the hips, 

 prominent, especially in the female ; the thighs, muscular, 



