PHYTOGENY. 245 



or on the back of the carpel, e. g. capsula loculicida ; 

 conjunctive, where two carpels abut against each other, 

 e. g. capsula septicida ; or finally, between both by the 

 side of the dorsal suture, so that the valve springing up 

 resembles a shutter, as in many siliquae or pods. 



1284. The columella of the ovary is none other than 

 the internal edge of the carpels from which the leaf- wall 

 has been freed. 



1285. Each carpel-leaf is to be regarded as the com- 

 mon petiole of a pinnate leaf, upon whose lateral petioles 

 the seeds depend. The seeds always hang therefore 

 upon the inner angle of the cells. 



1286. As the parts of the corolla alternate with the 

 calyx, so do the carpels or cells of the ovary with the 

 corolla ; they stand therefore opposite the parts of the 

 calyx or are situated in front of them. 



1287. The parts of the ovary follow also the uneven 

 series of numbers, one, three, five. The number two is 

 usually found in irregular, e. g. the labiate, corollae. 



1288. If few cells be present as parts of the flower, 

 the carpels are then to be regarded as arrested. In the 

 personate corollse three are arrested, but in the papiliona- 

 ceous, four. The legurnen is only a fifth part of the 

 ovarium. 



1289. The development of the carpels stands usually 

 in an inverse relation to the size of the parts of the co- 

 rolla. Thus the legume is situated between the two 

 insignificant petals of the keel, opposite to the large vex- 

 illum ; in the Personatae a carpel is situated in the fissure 

 of the upper lip ; upon the lower lip, consisting of three 

 lobes, only one carpel is situated, which consequently 

 supplies the place of four, and is therefore also larger. 



1290. The stages of leaf -formation are also displayed 

 in the matured state of the ovarium. The radical or 

 scale-leaf is repeated in the cariopsis ; as in the grasses, 

 orachs, nettles, and such like plants. 



1291. The spathe-leaf becomes a siliqua, or hollow 

 capsule, in which forsooth the septa are arrested, and 

 the seeds stand upon the conjoined edges of the carpels, 



