302 BIOLOGY. 



woody, the leaves broad, and placed upon the stalk, the 

 eorollse stunted, while, on the contrary, the ovarium is 

 carpoidal or fruit -like. The five orders may be dis- 

 posed as follows : 



1640. Order I. Palmacece parencliymatosce. Cyno- 

 moridte, Typliacece, Aroidece. 



1641. Order II. P. thecales. Saururete, Piper acece, 

 Pandanacece. 



1642. Order III. P. axonales. Dioscorete, Smilacece, 

 Paridece. 



1643. Order IV. P. Jlorales. Asparagoidece, Con- 

 vallarice, Bromelite. 



1644. Order V. P. carp ales. Palms. 



1645. The plants of the first order are very imper- 

 fect herbs with spadices. Those of the second have 

 mostly a ligneous, nodose stalk, with one-seeded fruits 

 in spadices, without corollae. The third have separated 

 corollse disposed in an open form of inflorescence. The 

 fourth have perfect sexanary corollse, with a frequently 

 woody stalk and ternary, many-seeded berries. The 

 fifth order consists of trees having large leaves, muscari- 

 form spadices, and perfect fruits, nuts, plums, and berries, 

 ternary and one-seeded. They divide into sixteen fa- 

 milies. (Vid. Tab. B.) 



Third Province. 



11ETICULAR-LEAVED PLANTS DICOTYLEDONES. 



1646. With the separation of the stock or trunk into 

 root, stalk and leaf, the latter organ attains its perfection ; 

 it becomes a reticular leaf the plants possessing it being- 

 called reticular. 



1647. The retinerved or reticular leaf is, however, 

 only the result of a modified organization in the stalk, 

 and indicates a ramification or foliiform arrangement of 

 the tracheae in the stem. The foliiform arrangement of 

 the tracheae in the stalk is their circular disposition. 

 These plants have woody zones. Through this zone or 

 ring of wood first originates the perfect separation into 



