PHYTOLOGY. 303 



wood, liber and bark, whereof each formerly occupied the 

 whole stalk or stem. 



1648. The stalk is no longer a shaft or scape, but it 

 divides into branches and twigs ramular plants. 



1649. The reticular- veined are ramular leaves, and are 

 no longer therefore spathiform but petiolated -petiolated 

 leaves. It is only at the root that spathose leaves may 

 occur, and this only in the plants of the inferior classes. 



1650. With the disappearance of the spathose leaves, 

 and the appearance of the ramules, the nodes and bulbs 

 also disappear. 



1651. The blossoms stand no longer upon a radical 

 peduncle or stipes, but upon ramules ; in other words, 

 upon a plant, which again stands upon another plant, 

 namely, the stalk. 



1652. As all the higher separations of leaves here 

 occur, so also does the flower obtain its higher amount of 

 separation ; it becomes quinary -pentaschematose plants. 

 The ovarium passes through ah 1 numerical conditions, 

 being 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and polycarpellar. In like manner 

 all the forms of ovaria and fruits occur in the present 

 class, such as caryopsis, follicle, legumen, siliqua, capsule, 

 nut, plum, berry and apple. 



1653. As the seed is a leaf-formation, so must it 

 resemble the reticular leaf. But reticular leaves are not 

 spathes or simple tubes, but ramified or separated ribs. 

 The seed has therefore several leaves, and two indeed for 

 the first time, which are called seed-lobes. These plants 

 are therefore styled Dicotyledones. 



DIVISION. 



1654. The Dicotyledones are, in the first place, empi- 

 rically divisible into apetalous, monopetalous and polype- 

 talous, or into plants with calycine, tubular and petalous 

 corolla?. 



1655. It might be believed that theApetalae were, with- 

 out further trouble, the lowest in point of rank ; but, when 

 closely considered, they appear as Polypetalse with stunted 

 corolla-petals, and are obviously allied to the Rosacea?. 



