306 



BIOLOGY. 



radiated, partly lingual and partly tubular corollas AW- 

 Jiowers, Silphiete. 



1667. Third order. E. axonales. Syngenesia, with 

 alternate leaves and diversified florets Anthcmidcce, Sene- 

 cionidte, Astercce. 



1668. Fourth order. E. for ales. Here the ovarium 

 is no longer dense and confluent with the calyx, and it 

 begins to become trilocular Scabiosce, Valerianete, and 

 Campanula. 



1669. Fifth order. E.fructuarifS.l^^Q^ perfect fruit 

 is developed, which is connate with the calyx Asaridea, 

 Passiflorcce, and Cucurbitacece . They have apple-like 

 3-5 ry fruits, and many of them have napiform roots, e. g. 

 the Gichtriiben. They divide into sixteen families. (Vid 

 Tab. B.) 



CLASS VIII. 



^talk-plants. 



1670. Plants with a predominating development of 

 stalk, leaves narrow, mostly opposite, quaternary corollse 

 upon the calyx, ovarium multilocular, and containing few 

 seeds. 



1671. Here everything, both root and leaf, must be 

 stalk-like in character ; the stalk is therefore woody, the 

 root fibrous, the foliage twig-like or narrow, like needles. 



1672. This structure is chiefly found in the Heaths and 

 Stellate. The stalk is mostly woody ; the foliage either 

 aciculiform or leathery in texture, and never pinnated. 

 The leaves are either arranged in whorls or opposite, a 

 position which indicates a lower grade of development. 

 Moreover, they are related to the plants of the preceding- 

 class ; they are either Epigynous or Perigynous. The 

 corolla and ovarium follow the opposite position of the 

 leaves ; the former being quadripartite, the latter bi- and 

 quaternary. Most of them grow in hot countries upon 

 dry ground, and their virtues reside in the stalk, e. g. the 

 Peruvian bark. 



