ZOOGENY. 867 



the earthy Inflammable j in higher animals it is an or- 

 ganic acid or phosphoric acid, i. e. oxygen combined with 

 phosphorus, or the aerial Inflammable. Phosphoric acid 

 may be regarded as peroxydized gelatine, as acid of 

 gelatine. The bone is therefore earth, salt and In- j 

 flammable. 



2082. The first appearance of the osseous mass is in 

 the oxydizing organs. It is formed from the dense or 

 internal coat of the arteries, since in old age bony 

 lamella are deposited upon this. In the hearts also of 

 many animals bones are formed. 



2083. The first regular formation of bones is ex- 

 hibited in the trachea or air-tube, which has been directly 

 exposed to the oxydizing process of the air. These first 

 forms of the bones are rings. 



2084. The antetype of the bone is, however, the 

 intestine, as the air-vessels are the antetype of the nerves. 

 The bone is a tube, an ossified intestine. 



2085. There are two osseous systems, a vegetative 

 and an animal; the one surrounds the tegumentary 

 systems, as, e. g. the scales of Fishes and Reptiles, 

 horny rings of Insects ; the other the nervous systems. 



a. Vegetative Osseous System. 



2086. The vegetative osseous system is divisible into 

 dermal, tracheal, intestinal, and vascular bones. 



2087. The dermal bones are tegumentary rings, which 

 surround the whole body } and are tracheal rings in so 

 far as the skin is originally a respiratory organ. Such 

 are the rings of the body in Insects, the shells of the 

 Gasteropods and Molluscs, with scales and scutes in 

 general. 



2088. The tracheal bones are the branchial arches 

 and tracheal rings. 



2089. The intestinal or splanchnic bones are tubes 

 environing the intestine, as in the corals, or imperfect 

 annular segments, which at one time are found in the 

 stomach, as in the Mollusca, at another in the oesophagus, 

 as in the Worms, Snails, Sea-urchins, and Holothuria3 ; 



