374 BIOLOGY. 



vertebral column or the sternum. The short or false 

 ribs are, according to their physiological sense, abdominal 

 or splanchnic ribs. The thoracic ribs must be perfectly 

 developed, i. e. abut against both vertebral columns, be 

 entire ribs ; the entire or perfect ribs are thoracic or pul- 

 monary ribs. The sexual ribs are arrested on the pedal 

 and coccygeal vertebrse, but on the proper sexual vertebrae, 

 namely, the sacral bone, they are still present as rudi- 

 ments. 



3. MUSCULAR SYSTEM. 



2113. As the intestinal system reappears in what is 

 animal under the condition of a vertebral column, so also 

 does the aggregate of the vascular system ascend, and 

 the vessels become animal. 



2119. The animal vessels are the muscles, or filled-up 

 vessels. The polar process enters the body through the 

 vessels ; thereby the tubes obtain two strong poles, and 

 are drawn out lengthways. They are fibres, and consist 

 of a series of strongly oxydized blood-globules. 



2120. The fibre is chiefly apparent in those vessels, 

 such as the arteries, in which the influence of air 

 operates more forcibly. Now an artery has, in addition 

 to the external cellular coat, two coats, like the first 

 animal body, or one wall turned towards the mucus, and 

 one towards the air. The internal arterial wall is enteroid, 

 the external dermoid in character ; the one being simply 

 granular, the other fibrous membrane. The two mem- 

 branes separate into two cysts or tubes, which likewise 

 adhere within each other like intestine and skin. The 

 external will become fibre, the internal bone. 



2121. There is a vegetative and an animal fibre- or 

 muscle-system. The one is associated with the tegu- 

 mentary formations, the other with the bones and nerves. 



a. Vegetative Muscles. 



2122. The muscles of vegetative life are simply fibrous 

 tunics, as in the arteries, and are found in the skin, in 

 the intestine, and in the vessels. 



