ZOOLOGY. 583 



3259. So far as we are acquainted with the Red- 

 blooded worms, they are androgynous, at least as regards 

 the Earth-worms and Leeches, and their sexual parts are 

 indeed tolerably symmetrical; yet they do not open 

 posteriorly, but far forwards on the ventral side of the 

 body, this being the case with even the male sex-organs. 



Class 8. Branchial, Pedal Animals. 



3260. The representation of the Cutaneous animals 

 is not yet the entire completion of the tegument. It 

 attains a higher grade by separating in accordance with 

 the visceral systems, and in the conversion of the bran- 

 chiae into sensorial organs or feet. 



The branchiae endeavour to separate self-substantially, 

 and form a body of their own. The branchial body is 

 the thorax. 



By this attempt, the abdomen originates " per se" as the 

 body of the intestinal and sexual system. The bran- 

 chiae upon it are arrested or stunted. In like manner 

 the body of the nerves separates itself from the thorax 

 and becomes head. 



But meanwhile this separation is only imperfect ; the 

 head and thorax, if otherwise distinguished by their size 

 and the feet, are for the most part connate; abdomen 

 and tail are usually fused together, and only to be 

 recognized as distinct by the limbs or members. 



With this greater division of the body each division 

 of it obtains its articulation into rings ; but they will be 

 hardened by virtue of the separation of the branchial net- 

 work, or will become horny Horny animals. 



3261. With the conversion into horny texture of the 

 body, its branchial filaments or tentacula must undergo a 

 similar change, and divide likewise into rings like the 

 general or bodily tegument. 



Annulate, horny branchial filaments, are feet Pedal 

 animals. 



A part of the branchiae remains hanging to the feet, 

 mostly to their basal joints, and is supported by animal 

 motor members or limbs ; the respiration becomes volun- 

 tary Branchial animals. 



