540 BIOLOGY. 



3281. Upon these maxillae, palpi are likewise situated, 

 which are probably nothing else than what has been 

 termed tarsus, thus repeated in the head also. They are 

 only arrested upon the upper maxillae or mandibles. 

 (Ed. 1st, 1811. 3096.) 



3282. The wings appear to be repeated upon the 

 head as antennae. Thus the head also is in the Insects 

 a perfect trunk. 



3283. Upon the head there is nothing more than the 

 eyes. They have also become horny in texture, whereas 

 before they were completely membranous, as in the 

 Snails. 



The eyes have been subordinated to the sense of feel- 

 ing; they are nervous papillae placed beneath a trans- 

 parent tegument upon the apex of a tentaculum. 



Insects therefore have a number of eyes ; they stand 

 either separate, as in the Worms, and are then called 

 simple eyes, or they are crowded together, constitut- 

 ing compound eyes. 



3284. Of the other sensorial organs a papilliform 

 elevation in the pharynx is frequently exhibited as a 

 tongue. 



3285. Ears are found in the Crabs at the root or base 

 of the antennae, or in them there is only a tympanic 

 cavity with an ossicle inclosed within ; in the Insect 

 there is nothing of the same kind. But meanwhile, 

 since many species attract each other by means of sounds, 

 they must thus possess the faculty of hearing. The 

 antennae therefore probably correspond to the auditory 

 conch. The auditory conch of the Mammalia ranks also 

 in the signification of the hand, and thus of the organ of 

 feeling. 



Nevertheless the antennae may be transformations of 

 the wings. The auditory ossicles are indeed members 

 which have originated from branchiae. Probably the an- 

 tennae are the auditory ossicles themselves which have 

 emerged outwards, as in the Fishes and Reptiles. 



There is no trace of a nose ; nor can there be any, for it 

 is the anterior orifice of the vertebral canal, and this is 



