/OOLOGY. 607 



suck blood, another vegetable sap. They manifest no 

 artistic instincts. 



The Aphides or Leaf-lice require only a single pairing, 

 to enable them to propagate through several generations. 

 During the summer they produce only females, and in 

 autumn the males first appear. 



Fam. 1. Tracheopteroid Hemiptera, Leptoptera. 



Alliance 1 . Dipteroid Hemiptera, Goccida, Aphida. 



Alliance 2. Hymenopteroid Cicada. 



Alliance 3. Lepidopteroid Fulgoridce. 



Fam. 2. Dictyopteroid Hemiptera, Pachyptera. 



Alliance 4. Neuropteroid Hemiptera, Water-lugs. 



Alliance 5. Orthopteroid Narroiv bugs, 



Hydrometrce, Reduvii, Cimicidce. 



Alliance 6. Typical Hemiptera, Broad bugs, Cap- 

 sidae, Lygaida, Coreida, Scutelleridce . 



COHORT III. PERFECT FLIES CERATOPTERA, BEETLES. 







3526. Maxillae and dissimilar reticular wings, the 

 anterior being horny, the posterior membranous and 

 susceptible of being folded upon themselves ; eyes small ; 

 pupae motionless. 



The Chafers or Beetles are the highest Insects, be- 

 cause they possess the greatest variety of organs, 

 namely, two kinds of wings ; not to mention the perfect 

 condition of their manducatory apparatus, antennae, 

 and the first thoracic ring which is free. 



The Beetle represents the Flies in their entire perfec- 

 tion ; everything is rendered horny in the former even to 

 the lower wings, which are furnished with several joints, 

 almost like the feet. The upper wings are horny and 

 meet together so closely by their inner margins upon the 

 back, that they form a closed suture, like the shells of 

 the bivalve Mollusc. The antennae are also more per- 

 fect than in other families, and mostly jointed like the 

 feet, while at their extremity they are frequently thick- 

 ened into laminated moveable clubs, which open when the 

 animal would fly, as if to listen. 



