ZOOLOGY. 621 



will indeed make the commencement ; to these are 

 annexed the Irregular Osseous Fishes, and nearest to them 

 indeed those with arrested ventral fins, whether wanting 

 or placed on the throat ; then come the Regular Fishes, 

 and of these first of all the Thoracici, and next the Abdo- 

 minales. In this manner we obtain four divisions. 



A. Body irregular. 

 I. Pisces Cariilaginei. 

 II. Stummelflosser Apodales and Jugulares. 



B. Body regular. 



III. Thoracici Tunnies, Breams, and Perch. 



IV. Abdominales Carps, Pikes, Salmons and Herrings, Sharks. 



Now, these divisions, having been discovered by a 

 simple analysis or testing of facts, are to be arranged 

 according to philosophical principles, and further sub- 

 divided, whereby the ground and legality of their exist- 

 ence will be recognized. 



A. IRREGULAR FISHES. 



3535. Body deviating from the elliptical form, devoid 

 of scales, or covered with spines, scutes, and plates ; 

 head and tail disproportionate ; fins mostly arrested. 



They correspond to the unarticulate Proto- and 

 Conchozoa ; their irregular-shaped mucous or mailed body 

 agreeing perfectly with these animals. 



Order 1 . Intestinal, Protozooid Fishes. 



3536. Mouth round and without maxilla?, or dispro- 

 portionately narrow and wide. 



There can be no doubt that the Lampreys are the 

 lowest Fishes, since they remind us in eveiy respect of 

 the Worms by their naked, mucous, and lineiform body, 

 with indistinct head, almost devoid of bones and true 

 teeth, having a circular mouth, obliterated nostrils, puny 

 eyes, and finally branchial cysts, which occupy a higher 

 rank only from their opening into the oesophagus. They 

 pass therefore parallel to the Infusoria, or rather to the 

 commencements of the second animal series, namely, 

 the Etozoa Ancyliozoa. 



