66 NEW BRUNSWICK FORESTRY CONVENTION 



very many ravages and to much mismanagement, and there is such a dearth 

 of exact scientific information concerning them that the fundamental opera- 

 tions upon which a Forestry policy may be founded, elaborated and executedi 

 may be separated into three main divisions, all necessary and inter-depend- 

 ent Legislation, Investigation and Management. 



The first and most important, legislation, need only be mentioned here. 

 It comprises the constitution of an executive officer or commissioner having 

 full control of the Provincial forest lands, their government, use, and admin- 

 istration, with the power to employ'technically qualified men as administrators 

 and advisors, as well as with the framing of such laws as will guard against 

 trespass and tire, and will furnish the necessary machinery for enforcement. 



The States, which have grappled with the problem have found the 

 following plan most practicable. The Governor appoints a Forest Reserve 

 Commission, which might in New Brunswick be represented by the Surveyor 

 General, Attorney General, Chancellor of University, an active and practical; 

 lumberman and a citizen interested in Forestry. These men have the power 

 to govern, use and protect the forest lands. They appoint a technically 

 trained forester who also is chief fire warden, and who is responsible for the 

 efficiency of local tire wardens, the administration of public lands, as will be 

 explained in this paper, the delivery of public lectures, and the conducting 

 of a course in the State College. Such a policy is now adopted by the most 

 progressive states of the Union. 



This legislation is all Forestry and is one of the most essential parts of 

 a forester's business, and upon it has depended the success of forest policies 

 in different American states. 



The question of investigation, however, is one less generally understoods 

 though it is the basis of Forestry. Investigation may be of two kinds, that 

 of an exploratory nature, chiefly concerned with exploitation ; and that" 

 carried on in connection with mechanical and chemical laboratories, manu- 

 facturing plants and railroads. 



Of the exploratory studies one of the first must be to differentiate the- 

 agricultural from the non- agricultural lands and the protective from the 

 non-protective forests. Those which are not agricultural because of their 

 poor soil, broken character, or rocky nature, and those which are pro- 

 tective because of their influence on water sheds and situation at the head- 

 waters of streams important to agriculture or commerce should be retained 



