NEW BRUNSWICK FORESTRY CONVENTION 67 



in the possession of the state as forest reserves to be managed conservatively 

 by the state so as to produce a yield of timber which will support a perman- 

 ent timber industry, not one of mushroom growth and short duration as was 

 that of the lake states. 



In order to do this intelligently the land and timber must be studied 

 carefully. This work is usually done by a small party under the direction 

 of a forester. The method of procedure in a mixed forest is to run survey 

 strips through the forest at regular intervals which constitute in area about 

 2 to- 5^ of the stand, and on these strips all mature and immature trees are 

 counted and measured, and where ties, poles or logs are the customary local 

 product they also are counted and entered upon the tally sheets. After a 

 little experience the work can be done quite quickly, speed varying with 

 the amount of detail required. At the same time the topography is carefully 

 mapped, drainage, slopes, swamps, ridges, and all features which can effect 

 lumbering are noted so that when the survey is complete a relief map may 

 be presented according to which local operations can be planned, camps and 

 trails located. 



If the timber varies but little in composition as does the spruce of the 

 north woods here, and may be differentiated into three or four types, opera- 

 .tions are simplified. The chief of the party, who must have had sufficient 

 woods experience to have matured a critical judgment, selects a large num- 

 ber of sample acres scattered over the tract, characteristic of the stand of 

 each type and on these sample acres all trees are carefully counted and 

 measured as before. 



Whether the . survey is conducted on the strip or sample acre method 

 average trees of the different merchantable species are cut down and their 

 rate of growth ascertained by counting the ages at different cross sections. 

 In other words a stem analysis is made of a sufficiently large number of 

 carefully selected trees to furnish accurate evidence as to the rate of growth 

 and development of different species under different conditions and in difter- 

 ent situations. 



At the same time existing roads and trails are surveyed aid mapped, 

 studies are made of reproduction, danger from fire, grazing, and insect attack, 

 and of the best means of preventing these injuries. Market and transporta- 

 tion facilities are carefully investigated and often at the suggestion of mill 



