68 NEW BRUNSWICK FORESTRY CONVENTION 



men attention is paid to waste in logging and at the mill with suggestions 

 as to the means of reducing it. 



CT 



The result of these investigations is embodied in a working plan which 

 is accompanied by a map shewing the distribution and stand of timber, 

 roads and physical features affecting logging. In some instances, notably in 

 Maine, lumbermen have had these maps prepared as relief models of town- 

 ships, vividly protraying the character of their operations. The working 

 plan itself shews the amount, character and accessibility of the timber in 

 each natural division of the operation, determines the lumber product obtain- 

 able if cut to different diameter limits, contains tables shewing the rate of 

 growth in volume and area, and yield tables shewing how much may be cut 

 off each year without endangering future supply, as well as telling how soon 

 the lumbermen may come back and what he may expect to count in getting 

 at that time if he were to cut to a certain diameter limit now. There are 

 also outlined in the working plan precautions to be observed in cutting such 

 as are necessary to procure a reproduction of certain valuable species to 

 prevent waste or windfall or other dangerous influences. 



That these working plans are meeting with favor is testified by the 

 number of lumber companies all over the United States who are asking to 

 have them made. An example which may be quoted is that of a well known 

 firm, The Great Northern Paper Company, who had a working plan made 

 for 275,000 acres in North Maine. One-hal 1 ' of this was done in three and 

 a half months by a force of thirty-two men. The main object was to provide 

 for a supply of spruce reproduction after cutting, and to decrease the amount 

 of balsam. Detailed instructions for lumbering were given and so far as 

 spruce reproduction was concerned they were a success. I worked three 

 weeks last Christmas on land lumbered according to these instructions and 

 found nearly enough spruce reproduction already. 



Another investigation of importance to lumbermen particularly is that 

 known as commercial tree studies. These constitute investigations of 

 adaptability of important trees to management for commercial purposes and 

 include determination of the lumber product in different diameters, the rate 

 of growth in different districts, present supply, and management necessary 

 to procure future reproduction, uses of timber at present, its possible uses, 

 and its markets. In many cases the foresters reach the same conclusion as 

 the lumbermen, in a few cases they do not, and then the lumbermen are 

 never slow to adopt the new ideas, if they mean money. 



