92 NEW BRUNSWICK FORESTRY CONVENTION 



whole, the northern grown wood produces a better fibre than that of more 

 southern latitudes, and these factors, joined to the immense supply of spruce 

 to be found all through Canada, have drawn attention to this country as the 

 future centre of the industry. 



The spruce employed in the manufacture of pulp is of two kinds, the 

 black and the white, which are known to botanists as distinct species under 

 the names of Picea nigra and Picea alba respectively. 



MAP SHOWING DISTRIBUTION OF TREES 



A glance at the map of Canada upon which have been traced the north- 

 erly limits of tree distribution, will at once disclose the enormous area? 

 covered by our spruce forests. Commencing at the eastern extremity of 

 Labrador, the line which defines the northern limits of the spruce forests 

 passes westward to Ungava Bay and thence southwestward to Hudson's Bay 

 on the western side of which it continues from Cape Churchill northwesterly 

 to near the mouth of the Coppermine River, and finds its greatest northern 

 extension at the mouth of the Mackenzie in latitude 68 deg. N. Dr. Robert 

 Bell, of the Geological Survey, states that the approximate area of our 

 northern forests amounts to 2.590,000 square miles in which the black and 

 white spruces are the prevailing trees. This area he estimates to be capable 

 of producing 16,500,000,000 cords of spruce. A more conservative estimate 

 by the Dominion Statistician based upon data collected in 1894, places the 

 area of our northern forests at 1,400,000 square miles. If one-half of this 

 area is occupied by spruce, it will give approximately about 450,000,000 

 acres of spruce, which, on the basis of ten tons of ground wood pulp per 

 acre, would give a total of 4,500,000,000 tons of available pulp wood. At 

 the present rate of cutting for home consumption, this means that continuous 

 and complete cutting could not exhaust the supply, especially when it is 

 remembered that the ground cut over during the first fifty or seventy-five 

 years would again yield a similar cut at the end of that period. There is 

 therefore no special danger to apprehend in the destruction of our forests by 

 the pulp industry, more especially when the more intelligent manufacturers, 

 in their own best interests, pursue a wisely conservative policy in lumbering. 



SIDE-HILL SPRUCE FOREST 

 The spruce forest whether upon the side-hill or upon the plain presents 



SPRUCE FOREST ON THE PLAIN 

 a very characteristic appearance which at once distinguishes it from all other 



