104 NEW BRUNSWICK FORESTRY CONVENTION 



The thoughts of release were now turned to anxiety as to his relations with 

 the unwelcome visitor, but as bruin came near an inspiration seized him he 

 caught the animal by the tail and both speedily arrived at the summit of the 

 stump where they quickly parted company. It is altogether unlikely that 

 our story could find a modern illustration among the present timber limits of 

 this continent, nevertheless, much reckless waste still arises in this way. 

 Ordinarily the tree is cut at that point at which the axe naturally falls in 

 chopping, and this is usually three feet from the ground, a height which 

 may readily be increased where there is much snow on the ground. This 

 has been proved to be entirely unnecessary, as experience in careful methods 

 of felling shows that a height of from 17 to 20 inches is all that is required. 

 The loss arising from leaving high stumps amounts to 27, which means that 

 for a tract of 100.000 acres yielding 15 standards per acre, there would be 

 an actual loss of 30,000 standards, and this at a stumpage value of 40 cents 

 would represent a money value of $12,000. 



THEE TOP CONTAINING A GOOD LOG 



Carelessness or indifference on the part of lumbermen is accountable for 

 a very large measure of waste. This often arises from the rejection of all 

 t material under a certain size, and this finds an illustration in the photo- 

 graph before us, where we may see a tree top which has been left behind 

 although it contains a good log. 



SOUND SPRUCE CONTAINING Two LOGS LEFT STANDING 



It may happen that in felling a tree it becomes lodged in those about it, 

 and rather than take the trouble to bring it down, it is left standing, even 

 though it may contain two or more good logs. The loss arising in this way 

 and the rejection of good tops, amounts to 6.3 / o of the material actually 

 used. But, inasmuch as such material often represents that which is of in- 

 ferior value, the money loss is much less than in the case of high stumps, 

 and, reckoning it at 0.95, standards per acre at a stumpage value of ten cents, 

 the actual loss would be $95.00 per thousand acres. 



SKIDS LEFT IN THE WOODS 



Skidways are in most cases built of spruce, which is especially adapted 

 to the purpose because of its clean, straight trunk and rough bark, and also 

 because of the ease with which it may be handled. After use the skids are 



