CANADIAN FORESTRY ASSOCIATION 89 



tion of conservative methods of lumbering to its woodswork. It must be clear that 

 it is the pulpwood industry which offers the greatest inducement to the practice of 

 forestry and furthermore offers the greatest opportunity for its development. 



The PRESIDENT. We have to thank Mr. Bradley for having shown us what 

 the Miramichi Lumber Company has so successfully done. He has shown to us 

 that good methods have been followed by good results, and when he stated that 

 this company's properties have increased in value from fifty to one hundred per 

 cent, as a result of the practical methods, I think that this must be taken as ample 

 justification for other people to follow in their footsteps. 



We will now take up the general discussion, but before we commence with 

 discussions, I will ask Mr. Sterling, representing the Pennsylvania Railway Com- 

 pany, to say a few words on the results that company has attained. 



PENNSYLVANIA RAILWAY FORESTRY. 

 MR. E. A. STERLING, OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILWAY COMPANY. 



Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen, This is something in the nature of a 

 surprise to me. I came to this Convention merely to speak to Dr. Fernow, and to 

 consult with him, and had no expectation of saying anything. In fact the railways 

 of our State, and generally across the line are not doing much talking these days; 

 so that I came here to learn and listen rather than to talk. 



However, I can say a little regarding the work of my Road in forestry. Rail- 

 ways, as you know, are large wood-using corporations, and as such the Pennsylvania, 

 Railway has probably gone through the same experience as other similar corpor- 

 ations. Running, as the original lines did through a fairly wooded country in 

 Pennsylvania, Maryland and other States, they for many years drew on local sup- 

 plies, and for a long time they took no account of the future, or even the present 

 timber supply. , As you know, white oak is the standard railway timber for ties and 

 car lumber. Since this territory was richly productive of white oak, they drew 

 their supply from it, and thought nothing more about it. But gradually as the 

 timber was cut off, and other large wood-using corporations came in, they found 

 they could not get the necessary amount of white oak. Then they were compelled 

 to resort to the use of what we call mixed oaks, an imported timber from southern 

 points. And so the thing has progressed until now the Pennsylvania Railroad 

 has to go very far south for more than half its ties, and considerably more than 

 half its car lumber. This condition of things has been further aggravated by the 

 pulp people, the wood extract people, cooperage firms, and other large wood-using 

 corporations which strip the wood off the entire territory. 



So, it has become obvious that something must be done to remedy this state 

 of affairs. The Pennsylvania Railway cannot go south forever, and pay high 

 freight rates on its ties, and it is very obvious that local supplies are almost going to 

 be entirely gone very soon. So, for that reason the* Pennsylvania Railway in 1902 

 began to think about forestry, and naturally their first thought was planting. 

 They assumed that tree planting was the proper start, and so they began planting 

 locust trees on the unused farms along the right of way. This movement has since 

 progressed to a broad gauge policy. 



