118 CANADIAN FORESTRY ASSOCIATION 



much by the lines of mean annual temperature as by extremes of heat and 

 cold, of moisture and dryness, of differences in the soil, or some other condition 

 to which the tree is more sensitive. 



The fact that the northward limit of some species which are poorly provided 

 with means for moving northward terminates abruptly in that direction without 

 showing a gradual diminution in the size of the individual trees, is an indication 

 that these species are still advancing towards the north. 



But the best proof that some of our native trees may flourish north of their 

 present natural range is the actual trial. Some notable experiments have been 

 already made to test this question. Sir Henri Joly de Lotbiniere was one of the 

 first to experiment with the black walnut, by planting the nuts near Quebec City, 

 a distance of several hundred miles from its nearest natural boundary. He found 

 that the tree grew well there and ripened its nuts. The same thing has also been 

 proved in the counties of Peterborough, Northumberland, Lanark, Leeds and 

 Grenville. 



The Kentucky coffee tree which has extended naturally as far north as Pelee 

 Island in Lake Erie, has been acclimatised at Ottawa and Montreal. The honey 

 locust which is indigenous only as far as the same island, is found to grow well 

 at Ottawa. At Cobourg on the north side of Lake Ontario, some large trees of 

 this species are now growing. 



Trees of more northern habit have also been artificially advanced beyond 

 their most northern natural boundaries. For example, the black ash has been 

 successfully transplanted to Moose Factory at the head of James Bay, over 100 

 miles north-eastward of its nearest natural limit. 



The negundo or ash-leafed maple is cultivated for sugar making at Lac la 

 Biche in the Athabasca Valley, more than 100 miles north of any known locality 

 to which it is indigenous. 



DISCUSSION. 



Mr. ELL WOOD WILSON. At yesterday's session, we had an interesting address 

 from a Minister of the Crown, who gave it as his opinion that no restriction should 

 be placed on the exportation of pulpwood, wood-pulp, or paper. I am glad that 

 most of the speakers since then have not agreed with the remarks made by that 

 Minister. (Applause). And as a practical illustration of what I conceive to be 

 a mistaken idea, I would like to say a few words to you on this subject. 



As you perhaps know, the States of Michigan and Wisconsin are the great 

 paper States of the American West. A few years ago I had the pleasure of visiting 

 a number of the mills there, and saw piled around the wood-pulp mills thousands 

 of cords of spruce. I asked the gentleman showing me around where all this wood 

 came from. He said it came from the north shores of Lake Superior. I said, 

 it must cost a lot to get the wood from so great a distance, and he replied, that 

 they would rather import the wood than use their own native supply. It costs 

 practically nothing to float the wood from the north shore of Lake Superior, and 

 the effect of the water on the logs saved enough in the cost of barking to pay the 

 expense of floating it to the mills. I said it would be a good thing for Canada to 



