16 



CANADIAN FORESTRY ASSOCIATION. 



Among the distinctive features of forestry education in Switzerland are 

 the splendid courses for the higher class of forestry officials maintained 

 by the Federal Government at Zurich. There is in connection a splendidly 

 equipped experiment station, with substations. Schools for the lower 

 grade of officials are maintained by the separate Cantons. The Swiss 

 Forestry Association has been especially active in promoting legislation 

 and in advancing the science generally. 



In France forestry development was much slower than in Germany. 

 A forest school after German methods was established at Nancy in 1825. 

 Its German tendencies led to much friction between the directors of the 

 school and the officials of the forest service. Its influence upon forestry 

 practice and literature has not been at all commensurate with that of the 

 German schools. 



Forestry education began in Russia with the importation of trained 

 foresters from Germany, to whom aspirants to positions in the forest 

 service were apprenticed. Owing to the necessity of maintaining a supply 

 of good timber for ship building a course in forestry was, in 1800, estab- 

 lished at the Naval Academy, and almost immediately after several sep- 

 arate schools were established, which were later combined as the Forest 

 Institute at St. Petersburg. There is now a second school near Warsaw, 

 and several chairs of forestry in connection with technical schools. A 

 large number of secondary forestry schools have also been established. 

 These, situated in forest districts, are largely supported by the state and 

 attended by a maximum number of ten or twenty students, who receive 

 tuition free. Experimental stations have been established by the Depart- 

 ment of Crown Lands. Several good forest journals are in existence. In 

 addition to associations which exist for the encouragement of silviculture, 

 there are several professional associations and several societies for the en- 

 couragement of tree planting on the steppes. 



A very liberal educational policy exists in Sweden. The first school 

 was a private one, founded by Israel Adolf, as a result of extensive travels 

 in Germany. Through his advocacy the state Forestry Institute was 

 founded at Stockholm. In this institution tuition is free and four consid- 

 erable scholarships are awarded annually. The attendance is limited to 

 thirty. There are also six forest schools of lower grade, each having one 

 teacher with assistants. These prepare for the under positions in the serv- 

 ice. A considerable number of graduates become managers of private 

 forests. Experiment stations, forestry associations, and forestry journals 

 have recently been established. A few years ago a lumberman's trust 

 was formed with the object of limiting the cut. This object has to some 

 extent been attained and a general impetus to forestry matters is now mani- 

 festing itself. 



Italy has a state-supported forest school, besides chairs of forestry in 

 several agricultural schools. Arbor Day was introduced in 1900. ' In 

 1904 Spain made Arbor Day a national holiday, and gave premiums for 

 planations made on that day. 



