CANADIAN FOKESTKY ASSOCIATION. 43 



ing advice concerning direct problems, I have to say as an integral portion 

 of the questions which our Commission will constantly have to consider, 

 the conservation of our resources and timber, we shall take a stand very 

 strongly upon that question to the best of our ability, viz., that the expor- 

 tation of pulp wood from Canada should be limited and prevented unless 

 manufactured within the country itself. (Applause.) That is the policy 

 which I shall unquestionably advocate, and which I hope to see adopted 

 throughout the different portions of Canada. Ontario and Quebec have 

 already adopted it; Ontario several years ago carried it into effect, and 

 Quebec will in a short time. Let me say while I am upon that point, that 

 the "manufacturing" clause has had an effect in Ontario that for some 

 years past has been worth millions and millions to rhe people of that Prov- 

 ince. I remember very distinctly when saw logs were cut in Northwestern 

 Ontario and taken across Lake Michigan in large numbers and manufac- 

 tured there. When the "manufacturing" clause was put into effect, the 

 result was that the mills of Michigan had to go out of business and the logs 

 were sawn in Ontario. (Applause.) 



There are one or two things in regard to which I want to say a word, 

 which perhaps may not be quite so controversial as that which I have just 

 touched on. Upon the exportation of pulp wood I do not suppose every- 

 one will agree, but -if we are true to our principles, if we are an intelligent 

 people, I feel we should endeavour to have that policy carried into effect. 



I have, for some year past, been in favor of a permanent tenure being 

 given to the holder of timber lands. That is a question which, in another 

 form, has been before the people of the United States. We, in Canada, 

 have not followed the same policy they did in the United States. The 

 United States policy was to sell their timber lands outright. The lands 

 were sold in fee simple along with the timber. The title in most cases was 

 from the Federal Government. Then the timber lands became subject to 

 taxation by the State authorities. The State authorities being anxious to 

 get as much taxation as possible from these lands, generally owned by 

 wealthy non-residents, taxed the lands very highly, with the result that it 

 has always been the policy of the American lumbermen to cut the timber 

 just as fast as possible and get rid of the limits get all the profits possible 

 and get the land off their hands. That difficulty is a serious one in the 

 United States at the present time in facing the problem of forest conserva- 

 tion. We have not that trouble in the same form. Generally speaking, our 

 Governments have not sold the timber lands. I notice from the map which 

 is being distributed at this minute that in New Brunswick there is a consid- 

 erable quantity privately owned. But, speaking subject to correction, by 

 far the greater portion of the timber is upon Crown lands leased to the 

 limit holders. In British Columbia they have a system of leasing for a 

 limited period, sixteen or twenty-one years. I believe you have a similar 

 policy in New Brunswick. In Ontario and Quebec the custom is to give a 

 yearly lease, renewable by custom, year after year. And, although there is 

 nothing in the regulation which specifically says the lease shall be renewed, 

 yet it is acknowledged by members of the Administration that they shall be 

 renewed, and this has now almost the force of law. The Dominion regu- 

 lations specifically provide that so long as the regulations are lived up to in 



