CANADIAN FOEESTEY ASSOCIATION. . 55 



for pulp making, it is simply so much waste land. When such territory is 

 properly thinned in cutting pulpwood, while the actual growth may be less 

 than three per cent., the actual increase in volume may be much more than 

 fifty-two feet per acre, which I have given as a fair general average of in- 

 crease on cut-over lands, because the actual volume upon which to reckon 

 percentage is much greater than the general average. 



Forestry is simply forest farming, and the producer of farm crops who, 

 after a practical method has been pointed out to him, fails to take advan- 

 tage of the chance to increase his farm crops 25 per cent, without costing 

 him a penny, we should call decidedly lacking in business sagacity, and yet 

 there are very many people bitterly opposed to the use of our forest 

 products for making paper. They ignorantly suppose it means deforesta- 

 tion. If that were what it meant, I would joint their ranks myself, because 

 complete deforestation of this Province, either by the woodsman's axe or 

 what would be far worse, by forest fires, would mean a disaster to the resi- 

 dents of this region that could hardly be calculated. The terrific freshets of 

 spring would be followed by extreme droughts of summer, thereby ruining 

 agriculture, and should both agriculture and lumbering cease to exist in any 

 country like this, the quicker it follows the course of the lost Atlantis, the 

 better it will be for everybody, providing they all get ashore. Paper mak- 

 ing, however, in no way means deforestation, any more than the possession 

 of a knife means suicide. In fact, the best friends of forestry interests, 

 whom it has been my good fortune to know as yet, have been the paper 

 manufacturers. They are trying not only to preserve, but to conserve to a 

 remarkable degree, and knowing the result of their conservative policy, saw 

 mill men are voluntarily copying their economical methods to a considerable 

 extent. 



Let us note a few of the marked improvements. The advent of paper 

 making has compelled the felling of trees with saws, instead of with axes, 

 thereby saving to the stumpage owner, whether it be the Crown or the indi- 

 vidual, at least 2^ per cent, of its value. Tops are taken to much smaller 

 size, which tends to minimize fire risks and adds to stumpage revenues. 

 Where the paper mill scores a much greater point, however, is in utilizing 

 all of the undersized lumber destroyed in making roads, yards and land- 

 ings, and also the broken down trees and the crooked, forked, seamy and 

 defective trees that are largely useless at the saw mills. 



A few years ago a careful series of tests and measurements were made 

 by experts on the St. John River drainage, and it was demonstrated that 

 in cutting lumber for the St. John market, only from 60 per cent to 65 per 

 cent, of the volume of the trees actually destroyed was utilized, while sim- 

 ilar experiments in a region where operations were conducted for paper 

 making alone, showed that 85 per cent, of the volume was saved and 

 utilized. This is a clean saving of more than 30 per cent, and would cer- 

 tainly mean a great source of increased revenue to this Province, could all 

 of the lumber be cut in a similar manner, and still the story is not all told. 

 The saw mills, having no use for the crooked, defective trees and those 

 with winding seams, leave them to cumber and shade the ground, thus pre- 

 venting the growth of other valuable trees. The paper maker cuts and 



