CANADIAN FORESTRY ASSOCIATION. 95 



ing and tree-planting in a scale that man could never attain to; therefore, 

 their preservation coincides with the aims of Forestry. Nothing could pos- 

 sibly be plainer, as I view the matter, that this fact: The fishing and 

 shooting (and consequently the health, vigour, tenure of life and business 

 capacity) of the rising generation depends solely on the measure of success 

 that attends the efforts of those who at the present time are interesting 

 themselves in the cause of Forestry. 



At the request of the author the following paper was read by Hon. 

 W. C. H. Grimmer, Surveyor-General. 



TURPENTINE IN NEW BRUNSWICK RUSSIAN FOREST 



METHODS. 



JOSEPH FEINBROOK, CHATHAM, N.B. 



Turpentine is procured chiefly from pine, black spruce, and fir. In 

 former times large quantities were collected in America, especially in 

 New England, but the turpentine trees of that section are nearly exhausted 

 and commerce has been, until recently, almost exclusively supplied from 

 North Carolina and the southeastern parts of Virginia. Attention, how- 

 ever, has been turned to the collection of this valuable product in Georgia 

 and Florida. The process for obtaining turpentine there is as follows: Dur- 

 ing the Winter, incisions are made in the body of the tree three or four inches 

 from the ground, and a sort of cup-like hollow scooped out. This is tech- 

 nically known as "boxing." Into this receptacle the liquid flows at the ap- 

 proach of Spring, slowly at first, then more rapidly during Summer, and 

 slowly again in Autumn. The liquid is removed from the receptacles and 

 allowed to harden in moulds. Ultimately it acquires a soft solid consis- 

 tency. 



There is no doubt that in a short time the supply will have'to be derived 

 from the stumps, roots and waste of pine and black spruce forests (the 

 Province of New Brunswick is full of this material), as is done now in 

 Russia, because the turpentine trees in the districts above mentioned are 

 rapidly being destroyed by the methods of collecting the liquid. Even if 

 replanting were undertaken, it would take a long time until the growth 

 would supply the needs of the world. 



TAR AND PITCH. The impure turpentine procured from the wood of 

 pine or black spruce is called tar. It has a peculiar odor and is almost 

 black in color. It is used as creosote. By distillation it yields an acid 

 liquor, an empyreumatic oil and creosote. The residuum is called pitch. 

 Turpentine yields about 20 per cent, of oil, which is commonly called spirits 

 of turpentine. It is prepared also by distillation from other varieties, but 

 the product of pine is superior and sells for higher prices. 



