CANADIAN FORESTRY ASSOCIATION. 97 



tree. It is thus brought down very easily and then the log is cut off as 

 close to the root as possible. This has proved to produce fifteen per cent, 

 more timber from a tree than if it were cut down with axe or saw, while the 

 openings in the ground have proved very beneficial to the neighboring 

 trees. The tops, branches and roots, not useful for commercial purposes 

 (with the exception of pine and black spruce, which are used for the ex- 

 traction of turpentine, etc.) are gathered into piles not too large, and 

 burned on the ground in the presence of the guards. This is done not, 

 later than the first of May following the operation. The expense of this 

 burning of the brush is borne by the licensee. The operated or burned land 

 in districts that I am acquainted with has been replanted with young trees 

 of the same varieties as the first growth. This is growing satisfactorily, 

 whereas the general experience is that if left to itself the growth after 

 spruce and hardwood would come up birch and poplar. I am of opinion 

 that several of these rules could be adopted with profit to the people of 

 New Brunswick. 



Hon. Mr. Grimmer said the Department of Crown Lands had given 

 Mr. Feinbrook the privilege of working over certain areas. There was 

 every indication that the turpentine industry would grow to be of great im- 

 portance to the Province. 



Mr. E. S. Gillmore (Fredericton) asked how it was that when hard 

 woods were cut oft spruce came up. Was it in the ground? There were 

 no spruce trees within a mile. 



Hon. G. F. Hill said it had always been a wonder to him that where 

 hard wood was taken off spruce and fir took its place; and when soft wood 

 was cut off hard wood took its place. The reason given was the white 

 birch and poplar and spruce had light seeds which were carried long dis- 

 stances by the wind. The pine, on the contrary, had a heavy seed, which 

 did not blow, but might be carried by animals, as squirrels. Then certain 

 trees were shade-enduring, and others non-enduring or non-tolerant, conse- 

 quently it depended upon some of these conditions why types of trees suc- 

 ceeded one another as they did. As to raspberries, he thought the seeds 

 must be carried by the birds. 



Dr. Hay added that poplar and birch seeded abundantly and seeded 

 every year, and the wind carried the seeds. The spruce and pine, on the 

 other hand, did not seed every year. The spruce, he thought, seeded every 

 two years, and the pine every three or four years, or perhaps less fre- 

 quently. The raspberries propagated by means of runners. 



FOREST CONDITIONS IN NEW BRUNSWICK. 

 W. H. BERRY, SUPERINTENDENT OF SCALERS, NEW BRUNSWICK. 



While this meeting has been convened more particularly for the pur- 

 pose of looking into matters pertaining to the conservation of our forests, 

 it would be well in the first place to take into consideration the different 

 growths that obtain in this particular Province, and which are of commer- 



