VALERIAN FAMILY. 



( Valerianaceae.} 



AMERICAN WILD VALERIAN. 



( Valeriana sylvatica^ Banks.) 



This plant can be immediately recognized by its strong, 

 peculiar odor. It was found everywhere on wooded hillsides 

 from Webber I/ake to Talbot's range. The sheep eat it readily, 

 even when they are not very hungry. The root ol a closely 

 related species is sometimes used for food, and the leaves of others 

 in place of tobacco. The European valerian is used as medicine, 

 where it goes by the names of cat's valerian, cut-heal, setwell and 

 all-heal. Coville* speaks of a species of valerian as being a 

 common plant in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon, where it is 

 closely eaten by sheep. 



FIGWORT FAMILY. 

 (Scrophulariaceae.} 



PAINTED CUP. 



(Castilleia miniata, Dougl.) 



This species of painted cup is usually found in dense, very 

 conspicuous patches under pines in moist situations. We have 

 seen it growing in a bed of deep blue larkspur, with a background 

 of vivid-green willows, the whole like a bit of garden, only wilder, 

 and, of course, perfectly easy and natural. The flowers and 

 leaves on the end of the flower-stem are colored a delicate rose- 

 pink. It is eaten by the sheep; but does not occur in sufficient 

 quantities to be considered of any especial value as a forage plant. 



BEARD-TONGUE. 



{Penstemon deustus, Dougl.) 



This plant was found to be abundant on the open hills around 

 Webber Lake. The leaves have a very pungent, bitter taste, 

 which probably accounts for the fact that sheep will not eat it 



*Bulletin 15, Division of Forestry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, p. 26. 



