1 4 Plants Used by Sheep on Mountain Range. 



Clintonia uniflora (Schult.) Kunth. 

 Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt. Princess pine. 

 L'mnaea americana Forbes. Twin flower. 

 Pyrola picta Integra (Gray) Piper. Shin leaf. 

 Pyrola bracteata Hook. 



The last six plants form a considerable part of the surface vege- 

 tation under the trees and bushes. They are nibbled a little by the 

 sheep but none of them are relished and they play but little part in the 

 food question. 



PLANTS NOT EATEN AT ALL. 



Athyrium cpc/osbrum Rupr. Spleen wort. 



Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fee. Oak fern. 



Polystichum munltum (Presl.) Kaulf. 



Abies grandis Lindl. White fir. 



Pinus monticola Dougl. White pine. 



Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raf.) Sudw. Douglas fir or red fir. 



At this season of the year (August), other food is abundant and 

 the ferns and conifers are practically never eaten. During the tour 

 weeks in which the writer studied the habits of 6000 sheep, he saw one 

 sheep eat a few leaflets of Athyrium cyclosorum once. 



The sheep are very fond of various species of mushrooms 

 (Agaricus and related genera) but these can scarcely be said to have 

 much food value. 



THE MEADOWS IN THE WHITE PINE REGION. 

 Strange as it may seem, the meadows which under cultivation 

 produce large crops of timothy hay and are so valuable in other forms 

 of agriculture are of little value in sheep grazing. The plants of the 

 meadow are too dry and the meadow is too hot and light. The sheep 

 prefer the dense woods and the moist succulent plants of those woods. 

 In the early morning and in the evening when the meadows are cooler 

 and are moist with dew the sheep will graze upon them. In the middle 

 of the day they will scarcely touch them. Since the larger ones are 

 under cultivation by private owners or lessees, it is only the very small 

 ones and the edges of the larger ones that are accessible to the sheep. 

 Here such plants as the following were readily eaten and furnished food. 



PLANTS OF THE MEADOWS WHICH WERE EATEN 



AND FURNISHED FOOD. 

 Trautvetteria grandis Nutt. False bugbane. This plant has large 



leaves with long petioles. It is eaten with avidity. 

 Rudbecfyia occidentalls Nutt. Cone flower. Abundant along the edge 



of the meadows and readily eaten in the evenings. 



Veratrum californicum Durand. False hellebore. The sheep are ex- 

 traordinarily fond of this plant, which grows in wet places at the 

 edges of meadows and in ravines in the woods. When they strike 



