1 6 Plants Used by Sheep on Mountain Range. 



on the range and altogether are the most valuable sheep food plants in 

 this whole region. 



While buckbrush is the most abundant shrub in he yellow 

 pine forest, there are a number of other shrubby plants which are also 

 used for food. 



PLANTS OF THE YELLOW PINE FORESTS WHICH 

 THE SHEEP EAT. 



Ceanothus sanguineus Pursh. Buckbrush. 



Ceanothus velulinus Dougl. Sticky laurel. 



The two most important food plants of the region. 



Symphoricarpos racemosus Michx. Coral berry. This plant is quite 

 abundant in the yellow pine forests and ranks next to the buck- 

 brush as a food plant. 



Opulaster pauciflorus Piper. Ninebark. The sheep eat the flowers 

 and the surrounding bracts of this plant but eat very few of the 

 leaves. 



Acer douglasii Hook. Maple. 



Thalictrum occidenlale Gray. Meadow rue. 



Vagnera sessilifolia (Baker) Greene. False Solomon's seal. 



These three plants are eaten in the yellow pine region and bear 

 about the same relation to the forage as they do in the white pine 

 woods and meadows. 



Berberis repens Lindl. Oregon grape. 



Cornus occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Coville. Dogwood. 



Both of these plants are eaten readily but are not sufficiently abun- 

 dant to be great factors in the food supply. 



Coptls occidentalis (Nutt.) Torr. Goldthread. Eaten a great deal by 

 the sheep but not large enough to be important. 



Cornus canadensis L. Dogwood. This plant seemed to be eaten more 

 by the sheep which were grazing in the yellow pine than by those 

 grazing in the white pine. 



Spiraea corymbosa Raf. Spirea. Readily eaten but too small to be 

 important. 



PLANTS WHICH THE SHEEP Do NOT EAT. 



Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick. 

 Rubus parviflorus Nutt. Thimble berry. 

 Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt. Princess pine. 



These three plants are very rarely eaten by the sheep and enter 

 not at all into the food supply for sheep of this region. 



EFFECT OF GRAZING ON THE FOREST. 



Upon the questions connected with the effect of sheep grazing 

 on the reproduction, fire protection, and other problems of forest man- 

 agement there are many differences of opinion. Many conclusions have 



