equal, and considering only the cost per pound of gain, the 

 cheapest gains are uniformly made when the animal is on 

 full feed or approximately so. 



11. Cattle, to Graze Well, Must .be Thin. By 



grazing a portion of the cattle used in these experiments the 

 following summer, it was found that there is a fairly definite 

 relation between the gains made in winter and those possi- 

 ble to be made the following summer at grass. In other 

 words, the gains made on grass are inversely proportionate 

 to the amount of fat the animal carries, and are almost in- 

 versely proportionate to the gains made the previous winter. 

 If, therefore, cattle are to be grazed the following sum- 

 mer, it is important that they be wintered lightly, or in such 

 a way as not to carry to grass any considerable amount of 

 fat. 



12. Circumstances Under Which Small Winter 

 Gains May Be Justified. It will be impossible, therefore, 

 to take advantage of the cheapest way of making gains in 

 winter if the cattle are to be grazed the following summer. 

 For, to reduce this gain to the lowest cost per pound as has 

 already been pointed out, would necessitate full feeding or 

 approximately full feeding the animal. This, in turn, would 

 have the effect of storing up fat on the body, rendering the 

 animal unfit to be grazed the following summer. In short, 

 this would bring the animal to a marketable condition, or to 

 a condition where it would be unprofitable to keep it longer 

 for any purpose. 



While it will probably be profitable under ordinary cir- 

 cumstances to feed in the winter up to the full capacity of 

 the animal to grow without laying on fat, it will be justifi- 

 able in many seasons when the farmer has large quantities 

 of cheap, coarse, material without an opportunity to market 

 it, to bring the cattle through the winter in even thin con- 

 dition, so that they may make the largest possible gains the 

 following summer. 



13. The Value of Cattle Enhanced by Winter- 

 ing. The wintering process enhances the value of cattle, 

 just as does the fattening process, although for another reas- 

 on and to a much less degree. But this enhancement of 



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